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CorollaryStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-07
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Duality preserves linkage blocks and block orthogonality

Statement

Fix a finite-dimensional complex semisimple Lie algebra g, a Cartan subalgebra h, and a positive Borel b=hn+. Write Q+=iZ0αi, μλ when λμQ+, and wλ=w(λ+ρ)ρ.

Restricted duality preserves every linkage block. If B is a Chevalley-contravariant bilinear form on MO, then B(MC,MC)=0 for distinct block summands CC. No nondegeneracy of B is required.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The setting above and the hypotheses in the statement.

[F1]

Fix a finite-dimensional complex semisimple Lie algebra g, a Cartan subalgebra h, and a positive Borel b=hn+. Write Q+=iZ0αi, μλ when λμQ+, and wλ=w(λ+ρ)ρ. For a linkage class C=Wλλ, let OC be the full subcategory of objects all of whose simple composition factors have labels in C. Then O=COC, and each nonzero OC is indecomposable as a categorical direct summand. These are precisely the blocks. Each OC lies in Oχλ; a central-character summand can contain several blocks. Independently, grouping weights by cosets of the root lattice Q gives a canonical coarser decomposition by weight cosets. (Central-character summands refine into linkage blocks)

[F2]

Fix a finite-dimensional complex semisimple Lie algebra g, a Cartan subalgebra h, and a positive Borel b=hn+. Write Q+=iZ0αi, μλ when λμQ+, and wλ=w(λ+ρ)ρ. Restricted Chevalley duality is an exact contravariant equivalence D:OOop, with a natural isomorphism D2id. It preserves each weight-space dimension, the formal character, and every simple composition multiplicity. (Restricted duality is exact and involutive on O)

[F3]

Fix simple roots {αi} in the chosen positive system and normalized Chevalley generators eigαi, figαi. Let τ:U(g)U(g) be the Chevalley anti-involution determined by τ(ei)=fi, τ(fi)=ei, and τ(h)=h for hh. A bilinear form B on a g-module is Chevalley-contravariant when B(xu,v)=B(u,τ(x)v)(xU(g)). This is a bilinear condition, not a Hermitian or positivity condition. (Chevalley-contravariant forms)

Proof

1.1

Duality preserves each simple composition multiplicity. Hence the list of factor labels of a dualized block object remains in the same class; the block characterization gives D(OC)=OC.

F1F2
2.1

For weight vectors uMμ and vMν, contravariance and τ(h)=h give (μ(h)ν(h))B(u,v)=0 for all h. If μν choose h separating them, and obtain B(u,v)=0. Each u has only finitely many weight components, so vB(u,v) belongs to the restricted dual. The assignment uB(u,) is g-linear by the defining contravariance identity.

F3algebrastep 1.1
3.1

Restrict this map to MC and project to D(MC). Its source and target are in different blocks by the first step, so it is zero by the block decomposition. This says exactly B(MC,MC)=0, including zero summands and the zero form.

F1F2step 2.1

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