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Duality preserves linkage blocks and block orthogonality
Statement
Fix a finite-dimensional complex semisimple Lie algebra , a Cartan subalgebra , and a positive Borel . Write , when , and .
Restricted duality preserves every linkage block. If is a Chevalley-contravariant bilinear form on , then for distinct block summands . No nondegeneracy of is required.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The setting above and the hypotheses in the statement.
Fix a finite-dimensional complex semisimple Lie algebra , a Cartan subalgebra , and a positive Borel . Write , when , and . For a linkage class , let be the full subcategory of objects all of whose simple composition factors have labels in . Then , and each nonzero is indecomposable as a categorical direct summand. These are precisely the blocks. Each lies in ; a central-character summand can contain several blocks. Independently, grouping weights by cosets of the root lattice gives a canonical coarser decomposition by weight cosets. (Central-character summands refine into linkage blocks)
Fix a finite-dimensional complex semisimple Lie algebra , a Cartan subalgebra , and a positive Borel . Write , when , and . Restricted Chevalley duality is an exact contravariant equivalence , with a natural isomorphism . It preserves each weight-space dimension, the formal character, and every simple composition multiplicity. (Restricted duality is exact and involutive on O)
Fix simple roots in the chosen positive system and normalized Chevalley generators , . Let be the Chevalley anti-involution determined by , , and for . A bilinear form on a -module is Chevalley-contravariant when This is a bilinear condition, not a Hermitian or positivity condition. (Chevalley-contravariant forms)
Proof
Duality preserves each simple composition multiplicity. Hence the list of factor labels of a dualized block object remains in the same class; the block characterization gives .
For weight vectors and , contravariance and give for all . If choose separating them, and obtain . Each has only finitely many weight components, so belongs to the restricted dual. The assignment is -linear by the defining contravariance identity.
Restrict this map to and project to . Its source and target are in different blocks by the first step, so it is zero by the block decomposition. This says exactly , including zero summands and the zero form.
Depends on
Used by
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Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- Humphreys, §4.9 Exercise, p.84 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Chen, Lecture 8 §3 Corollary 3.11, p.5 (standard reference, not scraped)