How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Eigenvalues, eigenvectors, eigenspaces , and the spectrum of an endomorphism
Definition
Let be a vector space over a field and let be linear. A scalar is an eigenvalue of when there is a nonzero vector such that
Such a vector is an eigenvector belonging to . The eigenspace belonging to is
Thus is a linear subspace and always contains , while is an eigenvalue exactly when . The spectrum of over is
In particular, the unique endomorphism of the zero space has empty spectrum.
Depends on
Used by
- Finite-budget block LOBPCG for a Hermitian-definite pencil with explicit rank-loss status Algorithm
- Finite-order Padé scaling-and-squaring exponential Algorithm
- Shift-invert and harmonic Ritz extraction with solve and pencil status Algorithm
- For split operators, Jordan blocks read off eigenspace multiplicities and both canonical polynomials Corollary
- Non-invertible elliptic shifts form a discrete set in the self-adjoint case Corollary
- Orthonormal eigenbasis for a compact self adjoint operator Corollary
- The elliptic kernel and cokernel are finite dimensional Corollary
- A defective Jordan block can split under perturbation at square-root scale Counterexample
- Coercive non-symmetric forms need not have an orthonormal eigenbasis Counterexample
- The direct three-block ADMM extension can diverge Counterexample
- A diagonalisable endomorphism is one admitting a basis of eigenvectors, equivalently a diagonal matrix representation Definition
- Absolute value and singular values of a compact operator Definition
- Algebraic multiplicity as the exponent of x-λ in χ_T, and geometric multiplicity as dim E_λ(T) Definition
- Analytic primary matrix functions by Jordan blocks Definition
- Closed epsilon-pseudospectrum in the spectral norm Definition
- Compatible left and right eigenvectors for a simple eigenvalue Definition
- Hopf spectral and multilinear normal-form data Definition
- Jordan blocks, Jordan strings, and their endpoints Definition
- Local periodic-orbit, Poincare-return, and Floquet data Definition
- Primary components ker q(T)ᵉ and generalised eigenspaces G_λ⁽ᵉ⁾(T)=ker(T-λ I)ᵉ Definition
- Primary matrix sign for spectra off the imaginary axis Definition
- Real and complex Schur forms Definition
- Ritz values and Ritz vectors extracted from the Arnoldi Hessenberg reduction Definition
- Stabilizability and detectability for continuous and discrete linear systems Definition
- Symmetric elliptic weak eigenpairs Definition
- A coercive non-symmetric form can have non-real Galerkin eigenvalues Example
- A Jordan eigenpair residual can be much smaller than its eigenvalue error Example
- A repeated unit-cube Maxwell eigenvalue cluster Example
- A shift near the wanted eigenvalue suppresses its component under repeated implicit restarts Example
- A topological PEC zero mode on a spherical shell Example
- An explicit PEC standing wave in the unit cube Example
- An indefinite Coxeter form with a faithful canonical reflection representation Example
- The matrix beginpmatrix2&10&3 endpmatrix has characteristic polynomial (x-2)(x-3) and two explicitly computed eigenspaces Example
- The two-vertex deterministic swap has absolute gap zero Example
- Two-state reversible walk and its endpoint phases Example
- Volterra operator is Hilbert Schmidt and quasinilpotent Example
- A separated simple Floquet multiplier has a left/right-conditioned finite enclosure Lemma
- Commuting endomorphisms preserve each other's eigenspaces Lemma
- Complexifying a finite Coxeter reflection representation: faithfulness, complex reflections, and the hypotheses of the invariant-theory suppliers Lemma
- Eigenspaces of a self adjoint operator are orthogonal Lemma
…and 28 more results.
Dependency tree · two levels
5 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- H. Pinkham, Linear Algebra, §§12.1–12.4 (standard reference, not scraped)
- M. Khovanov, Linear Algebra II notes, §6 (standard reference, not scraped)