How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Jensen’s square principle with its order-type bound
Definition
Work in ZFC. For an infinite cardinal , let be its successor cardinal, and use the ordinal order on cardinals as in Cardinal (initial ordinal) and cardinality. A -sequence is indexed by the nonzero limits such that is club in , its ordinal order type satisfies , and
Club and nonzero limit points have the meanings in Closed unbounded subsets of ordinals. The principle asserts existence of such a sequence. The bound is on ordinal order type, which is stronger than cardinality at most . A thread would be a club with at every nonzero limit point of .
The stated order-type bound already excludes a thread. Assume AC as in The Axiom of Choice. The successor-cardinal regularity theorem is regular in ZF; assuming the Axiom of Choice every successor aleph is regular; , so is singular, and under choice it is the least singular infinite cardinal makes regular, so the increasing enumeration of its unbounded subset has domain : its order type is at most as a subset of that ordinal and its cofinality forces cardinality . Closedness gives continuity at nonzero limit indices. Choose the particular limit index . Cardinal absorption Absorption: for cardinals with infinite and , , and when gives , so . At , continuity makes a limit point of and has order type . A thread would identify it with , contrary to the bound. This includes , where .
There are no square entries at zero or successor indices in this convention. This is the width-one square principle at the successor of ; no constructibility assumption or implication is part of its definition.
Depends on
- Closed unbounded subsets of ordinals
- Cardinal (initial ordinal) and cardinality
- The Axiom of Choice
- $\aleph_0$ is regular in ZF; assuming the Axiom of Choice every successor aleph $\aleph_{\alpha+1}$ is regular; $\operatorname{cf}(\aleph_\omega) = \aleph_0$, so $\aleph_\omega$ is singular, and under choice it is the least singular infinite cardinal
- Absorption: for cardinals $\kappa, \lambda$ with $\kappa$ infinite and $\lambda \le \kappa$, $\kappa \oplus \lambda = \kappa$, and $\kappa \otimes \lambda = \kappa$ when $\lambda \ne 0$
Used by
Nothing in the library uses this result yet.
Dependency tree · two levels
31 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.