Alphabeta Math
DefinitionDefinition: AI-adaptedProof: Not applicablePipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-09
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

Jensen’s square principle with its order-type bound

Definition

Work in ZFC. For an infinite cardinal κ, let κ+ be its successor cardinal, and use the ordinal order on cardinals as in Cardinal (initial ordinal) and cardinality. A κ-sequence is (Cα) indexed by the nonzero limits α<κ+ such that Cα is club in α, its ordinal order type satisfies otp(Cα)κ, and

βaccα(Cα)Cβ=Cαβ.

Club and nonzero limit points have the meanings in Closed unbounded subsets of ordinals. The principle κ asserts existence of such a sequence. The bound is on ordinal order type, which is stronger than cardinality at most κ. A thread would be a club Dκ+ with Dα=Cα at every nonzero limit point α of D.

The stated order-type bound already excludes a thread. Assume AC as in The Axiom of Choice. The successor-cardinal regularity theorem 0 is regular in ZF; assuming the Axiom of Choice every successor aleph α+1 is regular; cf(ω)=0, so ω is singular, and under choice it is the least singular infinite cardinal makes κ+ regular, so the increasing enumeration d of its unbounded subset D has domain κ+: its order type is at most κ+ as a subset of that ordinal and its cofinality forces cardinality κ+. Closedness gives continuity at nonzero limit indices. Choose the particular limit index ξ=κ+ω. Cardinal absorption Absorption: for cardinals κ,λ with κ infinite and λκ, κλ=κ, and κλ=κ when λ0 gives ξ=κ, so κ<ξ<κ+. At α=d(ξ), continuity makes α a limit point of D and Dα=d[ξ] has order type ξ>κ. A thread would identify it with Cα, contrary to the bound. This includes κ=ω, where ξ=ω+ω.

There are no square entries at zero or successor indices in this convention. This is the width-one square principle at the successor of κ; no constructibility assumption or implication is part of its definition.

Depends on

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Sources