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Luzin sets, stick, and almost-disjoint guessing at omega one
Definition
Work in ZFC, with the choice axiom The Axiom of Choice. Throughout this small-space construction, and is the set of nonzero countable limit ordinals, equivalently . This changes the preceding continuum-sized construction's notation. The facts that ordinals below are countable and countable subsets of are bounded are is uncountable, every ordinal below it is at most countable, it is a cardinal and a limit ordinal, and its existence is a theorem of ZF and Assuming countable choice: every at most countable subset of is bounded below , so no at most countable subset of is cofinal in it, and a supremum of at most countably many at most countable ordinals is at most countable; their countable-choice hypothesis follows by restricting AC. Every nonzero countable limit has a cofinal increasing sequence: enumerate the ordinal, and successively choose an ordinal above the previous choice and the next enumerated value. Finite sets are bounded in a limit ordinal, so its cofinality is exactly . A club is an unbounded subset containing its nonzero limit points below ; a stationary set meets every club.
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In Baire space of Baire sequence space and its cylinder topology, write for the finite strings and for a cylinder. The empty string gives . A set is nowhere dense when its closure has empty interior, and meager when it is a countable union of nowhere dense sets. A closed is nowhere dense exactly when every cylinder has a subcylinder disjoint from : an open complement meeting each cylinder gives such a subcylinder, and a cylinder in the interior would contradict the subcylinder condition. A classical Luzin set in , or in with its usual topology, is an uncountable set meeting every meager set in an at most countable set. A set of size has the -Luzin cylinder property if for every uncountable there is such that every finite extension is extended by an element of . This says is dense in ; it is a separate definition from classical Luzin.
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Stick at asserts a sequence of countably infinite subsets of such that every uncountable contains some . Repetitions in the sequence are allowed. Empty and countable targets carry no requirement.
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Let be a partition of into stationary sets. An AD guessing array for is with cofinal, with for , and with bounded in whenever lie in . Its guessing requirement is: for every , every list of uncountable sets , and every , the set
is stationary. Lists may repeat targets. This is , with bounded intersections, which need not be finite.
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The strong diagonal AD property requires disjoint cofinal members in every row and finite intersections for distinct row indices . For every sequence of uncountable subsets of and every , it requires stationarity of
This is the instance of . It implies clause 3: pad a finite list by , and intersect the stationary guessing set with the club tail above its length. Finite intersections are bounded in the nonzero limit indices.
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A single-ladder two-target AD system consists of pairwise disjoint stationary sets contained in , with union , and sets cofinal for . For in , require bounded in . For every two uncountable and each , require stationarily many with . An array in clause 3 on such a partition supplies this by taking its zeroth member, . No order-type- requirement is imposed on these ladders.
These definitions assert no ZFC existence. Zero and successors are excluded as final ladder indices. Ordinary diamond is the subset-guessing principle of Diamond on ω1, and Ostaszewski is the uncountable-target containment principle of The Ostaszewski club principle. Ordinary club guessing tests club targets; this differs from testing all uncountable targets. Parameterized is also a different principle, and is not an abbreviation for ordinary diamond here.
Depends on
- Baire sequence space $\mathbb N^{\mathbb N}$ and its cylinder topology
- Diamond on ω1
- The Ostaszewski club principle
- The Axiom of Choice
- $\omega_1$ is uncountable, every ordinal below it is at most countable, it is a cardinal and a limit ordinal, and its existence is a theorem of ZF
- Assuming countable choice: every at most countable subset of $\omega_1$ is bounded below $\omega_1$, so no at most countable subset of $\omega_1$ is cofinal in it, and a supremum of at most countably many at most countable ordinals is at most countable
Used by
- Small Dowker ladder topology Definition
- Tight strongly unbounded colorings Definition
- A Luzin cylinder set gives a tight strongly unbounded coloring Lemma
- A tight strongly unbounded coloring gives finite-target AD guessing Lemma
- CH gives a Luzin set, and classical Luzin sets give the cylinder property Lemma
- Stick gives strong diagonal almost-disjoint guessing Lemma
- Conditional Dowker constructions of cardinality aleph one Theorem
Dependency tree · two levels
30 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Rinot–Shalev–Todorcevic, A new small Dowker space, Definitions 1.1, 2.10, 4.1 and Fact 4.2 (standard reference, not scraped)