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Bochner–Martinelli on the unit ball

Example

Assume AC. For n≥1, let B={ζ∈Cn:∣ζ∣<1} be the unit ball, oriented by dx1∧dy1∧⋯∧dxn∧dyn, and orient ∂B outward-normal-first. With the kernel Ωn from The normalized Bochner–Martinelli kernel,

∫∂BΩn(ζ,0)=1,∫∂BζjΩn(ζ,0)=0(1≤j≤n).

These are the boundary reproducing values at the origin for the constant function 1 and the coordinate functions zj.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: Full AC, n≥1, the unit ball B⊂Cn, and the orientation and kernel convention above.

[F1]

For ζ≠z, Ωn(ζ,z) is the normalized sum with coefficient ζk−zk‾/∣ζ−z∣2n and the kth omitted dζˉk wedge form (The normalized Bochner–Martinelli kernel).

[F2]

Under full AC, the Bochner–Martinelli formula applies to a bounded C1 domain and a C1 function on its closure; if the function is holomorphic, its interior term vanishes (The Bochner–Martinelli formula for C1 functions).

[F3]

Full AC means every family of nonempty sets has a choice function (The Axiom of Choice); the formula in [F2] explicitly assumes AC.

[F4]

For an orientation-preserving diffeomorphism F of oriented manifolds and a compactly supported top form ω, ∫MF∗ω=∫Nω (Change of variables on oriented manifolds).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1F2F3givenalgebra

The unit ball is bounded with smooth boundary, 0∈B, and the constant function 1 is holomorphic and smooth on B‾; the full-AC hypothesis supplies the stated premise of [F2] by [F3]. Applying [F2] at z=0 to f=1 gives 1=∫∂BΩn(ζ,0)−∫B∂ˉ1∧Ωn(ζ,0)=∫∂BΩn(ζ,0), since the holomorphic case in [F2] has zero interior term.

1.2F1givenalgebra

Fix j and define Rt(ζ)=eitζ on ∂B; by the explicit kernel [F1], each coefficient gains e−it while its wedge part, with n factors dζk and n−1 factors dζˉk, gains eit, so Rt∗Ωn(ζ,0)=Ωn(ζ,0) and Rt∗(ζjΩn(ζ,0))=eitζjΩn(ζ,0).

2.1F4step 1.2givenalgebra

The restriction of Rt is an orientation-preserving diffeomorphism of the oriented sphere ∂B: its ambient real determinant is 1 and it carries outward radial normals to outward radial normals. The form ζjΩn(ζ,0) is smooth on the compact sphere, hence compactly supported there. With Ij=∫∂BζjΩn(ζ,0), [F4] and step 1.2 give Ij=∫∂BRt∗(ζjΩn)=eitIj. Taking t=π yields Ij=−Ij, hence Ij=0. This calculation also covers n=1, since the kernel has one holomorphic differential and no antiholomorphic differentials in that case.

3.1

The integrals therefore equal 1(0)=1 and zj(0)=0 for the constant and coordinate functions, respectively; both are holomorphic on B, so these explicit values agree with the holomorphic cases of [F2]. [F2, step 1.1, step 2.1, given, algebra] □

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