Alphabeta Math
ExampleConstruction: AI-generatedVerification: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-12
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Brauer pair branching for c3 semidirect d8 in characteristic two

Example

Let k be a splitting field of characteristic 2 containing a primitive cube root ω. Let G=a,r,sa3=r4=s2=1, srs=r1, rar1=a, sas=a1, Q=r, and P=r,s. The three local blocks of kCG(Q) are e0=1+a+a2, e1=1+ω2a+ωa2, and e2=1+ωa+ω2a2. Exactly (Q,e0) among these local pairs lies below (P,1).

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The field, presentation and subgroups stated above.

[F1]

At normal subgroups, pair inclusion is equivalent to stability and the relative Brauer-product condition. (Brauer pair order is independent of the normal chain)

Verification

technique · direct
1.1

The automorphisms of C3=a assigned to r,s are respectively identity and inversion; they satisfy the relations of D8. Thus the semidirect product exists and has unique normal forms airjsϵ, 0i<3, 0j<4, 0ϵ<2. The presentation reduces every word to this form and maps onto that product, so it defines exactly this group of order 24. In particular QP and PD8.

given
2.1

Conjugation by airjsϵ sends r to r(1)ϵ, so centralizing Q requires ϵ=0. Therefore CG(Q)=a×r. Among its elements, commuting with s requires airj=airj, hence i=0 and j even. Thus CG(P)=r2C2.

step 1.1
3.1

Write em=i=02ωmiai for m=0,1,2. The coefficient of al in emen is ωnliω(nm)i. The inner sum is 0 for mn by 1+ω+ω2=0, and 3=1 for m=n. Thus emen=δmnem and mem=1, and aem=ωmem. Each factor emkCG(Q) is consequently isomorphic to kC4=k[u]/((u1)4). Its elements with nonzero constant coefficient in u1 have a finite geometric inverse; the others are nilpotent. It is local, and an idempotent in it is 0 or 1 since one of it and its complement is a unit. Hence these are exactly the three primitive central blocks.

step 2.1
4.1

Conjugation by r fixes each em, while s sends em to em. Thus e0 is the only P-stable block. In the relative Brauer projection of e0, its terms a,a2 do not centralize P, so only 1 remains: BrP/Q(e0)=1. Also kCG(P)k[v]/((v1)2) is local by the same unit calculation, with sole block 1. Therefore (Q,e0)(P,1). Neither e1 nor e2 is stable, so [F1], applicable since QP, excludes both other inclusions. The fixed sum e1+e2=a+a2 has relative image zero, consistently with this conclusion.

F1step 2.1step 3.1

Sources

Original example; order criterion from AKO, Fusion Systems in Algebra and Topology, IV §2 Theorem 2.10; all group and algebra calculations supplied here. Local argument and conventions as displayed above.

Depends on

Used by

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Sources