How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
C zero of a locally compact space
Example
Assume the Axiom of Choice (The Axiom of Choice), inherited from the unitization and Gelfand representation suppliers used below. Let be discrete, so that is exactly (The sequence spaces c_0 and ell-infinity, Compact support, , and ). Then:
- the characters of are exactly the evaluations , one for each , and each occurs exactly once;
- has no unit;
- the net of characteristic functions of finite subsets , ordered by inclusion, is an approximate unit of consisting of positive contractions.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The discrete space , the algebra with the supremum norm and pointwise operations, the completeness of that norm, and the coordinate projections (the characteristic function of ).
consists of continuous functions whose level sets are compact for every (Compact support, , and ). On discrete , compact subsets are finite, since the singleton cover has a finite subcover only for a finite set. Thus a sequence belongs to exactly when every positive level set is finite, which is equivalent to convergence to zero: a null sequence has each level set inside a finite initial segment, and conversely a finite level set has a largest index, after which all values have modulus below .
is the space of null sequences with the supremum norm, the norm is complete on it (a -Cauchy sequence of null sequences has coordinatewise limits, the limit is null because for large , and the convergence is uniform), and the finite truncations converge in norm to any element of (The sequence spaces c_0 and ell-infinity, Finite truncations approximate null and summable sequences).
Once is known to be a nonzero genuinely nonunital commutative C*-algebra, every one of its characters extends to a character of its unitization and hence is continuous with (Characters on a unital Banach algebra are continuous, Character space of the unitization is one-point compactification, The Axiom of Choice).
Verification
By [L0], . This space is a nonzero commutative C*-algebra: completeness is [L1], pointwise multiplication and conjugation preserve null sequences, , and ; it has no unit, since a unit would satisfy for every , hence for all , contradicting . This proves claim 2 and licenses [L2].
Each is a character of : it is complex-linear and multiplicative because evaluation at a point is, and it is nonzero because for the coordinate vector .
If is a character then for every , because gives and is a field; the values are not all zero, since otherwise would vanish on all finite truncations by linearity and hence, by continuity from [L2] (licensed by [step 1.1]) and the density of truncations [L1], on all of , contradicting that ; and for one has , so if then for all .
For a character with and one has : approximate by its truncations [L1], use linearity on each truncation, and pass to the limit with continuity of from [L2]; the series has at most one nonzero term, because for every by [step 2.1], so the limit is and no summability of is needed (a general element of need not be summable).
Hence every character is some evaluation, evaluations are characters by [step 1.2], and two evaluations are equal only if the indices agree, since for ; this proves claim 1.
Claim 3: each is a positive contraction, since and , and the family of finite subsets is directed by inclusion; for and choose with for (possible because is a null sequence [L1]); then for every finite one has .
Remarks
- This is for the simplest noncompact : the character space is itself, and the absence of a unit is exactly the noncompactness.
- The example is the concrete companion of Every commutative C star algebra has an approximate unit; the net there consists of compactly supported functions, which on discrete are precisely the finitely supported sequences.
Depends on
- The sequence spaces c_0 and ell-infinity
- Compact support, $C_c(X)$, and $C_0(X)$
- Finite truncations approximate null and summable sequences
- Minimal C star unitization
- Character space of the unitization is one-point compactification
- Characters on a unital Banach algebra are continuous
- Nonunital commutative Gelfand Naimark
- The Axiom of Choice
Used by
Nothing in the library uses this result yet.
Dependency tree · two levels
36 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Vahid Shirbisheh, Lectures on C-star Algebras, v2 — Example 3.1.39 and §3.1, printed pp. 54–67 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Dana P. Williams, Lecture Notes on the Spectral Theorem — §4, printed pp. 9–11 (standard reference, not scraped)