ExampleConstruction: AI-generatedVerification: AI-generatedprecheck passjudge pass (deepseek-v4-pro + claude-sonnet-5)audited 2026-08-17

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A complete reciprocity table for $3, 5, 7, 11$

Example

The nonzero square classes for the primes $3, 5, 7, 11$ are

$p$	nonzero squares modulo $p$
$3$	$1$
$5$	$1, 4$
$7$	$1, 2, 4$
$11$	$1, 3, 4, 5, 9$

Using the definition of the Legendre symbol (The Legendre symbol, including its zero value) gives the complete pair table

${p, q}$	$(p / q)$	$(q / p)$	relation
${3, 5}$	$- 1$	$- 1$	agree
${3, 7}$	$- 1$	$1$	opposite
${3, 11}$	$1$	$- 1$	opposite
${5, 7}$	$- 1$	$- 1$	agree
${5, 11}$	$1$	$1$	agree
${7, 11}$	$- 1$	$1$	opposite

The signs are opposite exactly when both primes are congruent to $3$ modulo $4$ , as predicted by quadratic reciprocity (Quadratic reciprocity for distinct odd primes).

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The primes $3, 5, 7, 11$ and the residue tables displayed in the Example.

[L1]

For distinct odd primes $p, q$ , $(\frac{p}{q}) (\frac{q}{p}) = (- 1)^{(p - 1) (q - 1) / 4}$ (Quadratic reciprocity for distinct odd primes).

[L2]

For an odd prime $p$ , the Legendre symbol is $1$ on nonzero square classes, $- 1$ on nonzero nonsquare classes, and $0$ on the zero class (The Legendre symbol, including its zero value).

Verification

technique · direct

1.1L2givenalgebra

Squaring every residue class modulo each prime gives the displayed nonzero square sets. Reading the residues of each numerator from those sets by [L2] gives all entries in the pair table.

2.1step 1.1L1algebra∎

For the pairs ${3, 7}$ , ${3, 11}$ , and ${7, 11}$ both primes are $3$ modulo $4$ and the direct signs are opposite; in every other row at least one prime is $1$ modulo $4$ and the signs agree. Each row therefore has the product required by [L1].

Depends on

Used by

Nothing in the library uses this result yet.

Dependency tree · two levels

5 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

A complete reciprocity table for 3,5,7,113,5,7,11