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ExampleConstruction: Literature-sourcedVerification: AI-generatedprecheck passjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-05
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Dirichlet character tables modulo 8 and 12

Example

The moduli 8 and 12 illustrate noncyclic unit groups and the resulting character tables.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The definition of Dirichlet characters and of the principal character (Dirichlet characters modulo q, The principal character modulo q).

Verification

technique · direct
1.1

The unit groups (Z/8Z)×={1,3,5,7} and (Z/12Z)×={1,5,7,11} are both isomorphic to C2×C2. Hence each has four homomorphisms to {±1}. For modulus 8, taking signs independently on the generators 3 and 5 produces the four characters with values (0,1,0,±1,0,±1,0,±1) on the classes 0,,7, subject to χ(7)=χ(3)χ(5).

givenalgebra
2.1

The same construction for modulus 12 uses the generators 5 and 7, with χ(11)=χ(5)χ(7). Thus all four characters have zeroes on the nonunits and values (0,1,0,0,0,±1,0,±1,0,0,0,±1) on 0,,11. Because every homomorphism from C2×C2 to {±1} is determined by the chosen signs on a basis, these are all the Dirichlet characters modulo 8 and 12.

step 1.1givenalgebra

Depends on

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Sources