How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
A two-coordinate Easton pattern
Statement
Work over a transitive ground model of ZFC+GCH. Let be the function of set-sized Easton type with and (Easton functions on regular cardinals, The successor cardinal , the alephs , the beths , successor and limit cardinals, and the identifications and ), and let be -generic for the set-sized Easton product (The Easton-support product of higher Cohen forcings). Then and have the same ordinals, the same cofinality function and the same cardinals, and in the continuum function takes the prescribed values at both coordinates:
The two values coincide, so the pattern is consistent with monotonicity at the two cardinals; no value at a singular cardinal or at a third coordinate is asserted.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A transitive ground model of ZFC+GCH, the Easton function with domain and constant value , and an -generic filter .
An Easton function has a set (or definable class) domain of infinite regular cardinals, cardinal values, is nondecreasing, and satisfies at each domain point; a set-sized Easton function has a set domain. (Easton functions on regular cardinals)
is regular in ZF, and under the Axiom of Choice every successor aleph is regular; is a successor aleph, and for every ordinal . ( is regular in ZF; assuming the Axiom of Choice every successor aleph is regular; , so is singular, and under choice it is the least singular infinite cardinal, ; and ; for a limit ordinal the value is an infinite cardinal with , so it is regular; and every cofinal subset of has cardinality at least , a value that is attained, Cofinality , and regular and singular cardinals, The Axiom of Choice)
Assume GCH, let be a transitive ground model of ZFC, let be a set-sized Easton function and let be -generic for : then has the same ordinals, cofinalities and cardinals as , and for every , the value being a cardinal of . (Set-sized Easton realization on regular cardinals, The Easton-support product of higher Cohen forcings)
The alephs are distinct infinite cardinals, so is a cardinal and . (The successor cardinal , the alephs , the beths , successor and limit cardinals, and the identifications and )
Proof
The domain is a set of infinite regular cardinals by [F2], the values are cardinals by [F4], and is nondecreasing because its two values are equal.
holds at both domain points: , since is regular by [F2] and [F4], and by [F4].
Steps 1.1 and 1.2 verify all four clauses of [F1], so is a set-sized Easton function; the hypothesis of [F3] is met by the given ground model of ZFC+GCH and by the -generic .
Applying [F3] at the two domain points gives and , while clause (a) of [F3] gives that has the same ordinals, cofinalities and cardinals as .
The Axiom of Choice is used in the regularity of and of steps 1.1 and 1.2 and is part of the ZFC ground model on which [F3] is stated; no value at a singular cardinal is asserted, since is only defined on . The displayed equalities are exactly the statement. ∎
Depends on
- Set-sized Easton realization on regular cardinals
- Easton functions on regular cardinals
- The Easton-support product of higher Cohen forcings
- The successor cardinal $\kappa^{+}$, the alephs $\aleph_\alpha$, the beths $\beth_\alpha$, successor and limit cardinals, and the identifications $\aleph_0 = \omega$ and $\aleph_1 = \omega_1$
- $\aleph_0$ is regular in ZF; assuming the Axiom of Choice every successor aleph $\aleph_{\alpha+1}$ is regular; $\operatorname{cf}(\aleph_\omega) = \aleph_0$, so $\aleph_\omega$ is singular, and under choice it is the least singular infinite cardinal
- $\operatorname{cf}(\alpha) \le \alpha$; $\operatorname{cf}(0) = 0$ and $\operatorname{cf}(\alpha + 1) = 1$; for a limit ordinal $\lambda$ the value $\operatorname{cf}(\lambda)$ is an infinite cardinal with $\operatorname{cf}(\operatorname{cf}(\lambda)) = \operatorname{cf}(\lambda)$, so it is regular; and every cofinal subset of $\lambda$ has cardinality at least $\operatorname{cf}(\lambda)$, a value that is attained
- Cofinality $\operatorname{cf}(\alpha)$, and regular and singular cardinals
- The Axiom of Choice
- Ordered field
Used by
Nothing in the library uses this result yet.
Dependency tree · two levels
51 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- T. Jech, Set Theory, Chapter 15 (the set-sized Easton product and its realization computation), printed pp.233-235 (standard reference, not scraped)