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Euler class of zero and trivial positive-rank bundles
Example
Assume AC. For every base in the general Thom scope and every commutative ring :
- the zero bundle of rank zero with its standard unit orientation has ;
- every trivial bundle of positive rank , with its standard product -orientation, has .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: AC, a base in the general Thom scope, a commutative ring and an integer .
The Euler class is ; in rank zero the maps and are identities and for the supplied orientation , so the standard unit orientation gives (Euler class by zero-section pullback of the Thom class).
Under AC, an -oriented numerable real bundle of positive rank over a base in the general Thom scope has zero Euler class if it admits a nowhere-zero section; no converse is asserted (A nowhere-zero section forces the Euler class to vanish).
Give its product Euclidean metric. The global product chart identifies every fiber disk pair with and every stalk of its -orientation local system with . The constant fiber class corresponding to generates every stalk and is compatible in the single global chart, so it is an -orientation by R-oriented vector bundle and orientation local system. For it is the coefficient orientation induced by the standard ordinary orientation of in Oriented real bundles and oriented frame bundles. The formula is a continuous section by the product topology and is nowhere zero because .
AC is the Axiom of Choice in the form fixed by The Axiom of Choice.
Verification
The rank-zero value. Give the standard unit orientation. Its disk bundle is , its sphere bundle is empty, and the zero section and relative-to-absolute map are identities; fiber normalization makes the Thom class the unit in degree zero. Hence by [F1]. For another supplied rank-zero orientation , the same calculation instead gives .
The trivial bundle of positive rank. For the constant section of is nowhere zero and continuous. Its global product chart, together with the constant partition of unity , makes the bundle numerable, while [F3] supplies its standard product -orientation. The standing hypothesis places in the general Thom scope. Thus every hypothesis of [F2] holds, and .
Boundary cases. For the empty base the unique cohomology class in every degree is zero, and the standard rank-zero convention reads in the zero ring; the two displayed identities remain consistent. For a point base, with unit orientation contributes and with contributes . For the zero ring both classes coincide with the unique element, so the identities hold. The section of step 1.2 is a specified function and no choice is made in it; AC is used only through the Thom suppliers that give the Euler class its value.
Depends on
Used by
Nothing in the library uses this result yet.
Dependency tree · two levels
17 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Allen Hatcher, Vector Bundles & K-Theory (standard reference, not scraped)
- Haynes Miller, MIT 18.906 Algebraic Topology II lecture notes (standard reference, not scraped)