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The HHH of the positive two-strand torus knot

Example

Assume the Axiom of Choice (used only in the diagonal identification of step 3.1, through the polynomial diagonal Koszul theorem). Let m=2 and let σ=σ1n with n≥1 odd, so that the closure of σ is the torus knot T(2,n). Work in the reduced ring R=Q[y], y=x1−x2, with B1=Q[y]⊗Q[y2]Q[y] and the generator complex F(σ1)=[R{2}→rb1B1] of Khovanov's generator complexes for the HHH construction. The source's reduction of F(σ1n)=[R{2}→B1]⊗n leads to the minimal complex with n+1 terms 0⟶R{2n}→d0B1{2n−2}→d1B1{2n−4}→d2⋯→dn−1B1⟶0, in cohomological degrees −n,−n+1,…,0, with d0(1)=1⊗y+y⊗1,di(1⊗1)=1⊗y−y⊗1 (i>0 odd),di(1⊗1)=1⊗y+y⊗1 (i>0 even). Taking termwise Hochschild homology (The termwise Hochschild complex of a Rouquier complex and the groups HHH) with the rank-one values of Hochschild homology of the rank-one Soergel bimodule and the values HH0(R,R)=R, HH1(R,R)=R{2}, the two complexes of graded R-modules are 0→R{2n}→2yR{2n−2}→0R{2n−4}→2y⋯ in Hochschild degree 0, and 0→R{2n+2}→1R{2n+2}→0R{2n}→2yR{2n−2}→0⋯ in Hochschild degree 1; all other Hochschild degrees vanish. For n odd, their cohomology consists of one-dimensional Q-vector spaces in the following trigrades (h,p,c):

  • in h=0: (0,2n−2k,k−n) for odd 1≤k≤n;
  • in h=1: (1,2n−2k+4,k−n) for odd 3≤k≤n.

The second list is empty when n=1. The variable k numbers the terms from the left; the actual Rouquier cohomological degree is c=k−n, as prescribed by the generator complex.

Thus HHH(σ1n) has total rank n, the source's result for the (2,n) torus knot (previously computed by Rasmussen). The classes with h=0 number (n+1)/2 and those with h=1 number (n−1)/2, summing to n.

Caveats: the reduction to the minimal complex and the displayed differentials are the source's; the induced maps on HH0 and HH1 are 2y and 0 for the two differential shapes, so the two complexes are explicit; the case of even n, whose closure is a two-component torus link, is not treated here and its printed endpoint is parity-dependent; the identification of the displayed pairs with the full trigrading of the comparison uses the dictionary of the following items on the A page, and only the pair (p,c) is computed here.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: the reduced ring R=Q[y], y=x1−x2, the bimodule B1=Q[y]⊗Q[y2]Q[y], the generator complex F(σ1)=[R{2}→rb1B1], the word σ1n with n odd, and AC.

[L1]

F(σ1)=[R{2}→B1] with rb1(1)=y⊗1+1⊗y and F(σ1n) is the signed tensor totalization of n copies of F(σ1); its differentials are signed copies of rb1 on the tensor factors (Khovanov's generator complexes for the HHH construction, The reduced type-A polynomial ring and Soergel bimodules for the HHH construction).

[L2]

The tensor square of the rank-one Soergel bimodule splits as Bslib⊗RBslib≅Bslib{1}⊕Bslib{−1} for the shifted generator Bslib=Bs{−1} of The reduced type-A polynomial ring and Soergel bimodules for the HHH construction, that is B1⊗RB1≅B1⊕B1{2} for the unshifted B1 used here; the reduction of F(σ1n) uses this splitting repeatedly together with the cancellation of contractible summands, and the following proof gives the repeated identity-pivot cancellation underlying the source display (Khovanov, printed p. 16) (The rank-one Soergel bimodule square splits).

[L3]

HH0(R,B1)=R in internal degree 0 and HH1(R,B1)=R{4}, with HHh(R,B1)=0 for h≥2, computed from the one-variable diagonal Koszul complex (Hochschild homology of the rank-one Soergel bimodule, The polynomial diagonal Koszul bimodule complex).

[L4]

Under AC, HHj(R,M)≅Hj of the diagonal Koszul complex of The polynomial diagonal Koszul bimodule complex for the k-central R-bimodule M; for M=R the diagonal element acts as 0, so HH0(R,R)=R and HH1(R,R)=R{2} with all higher groups zero (Polynomial Hochschild homology from the diagonal Koszul complex).

[L5]

The termwise complex in Hochschild degree h has terms HHh(R,Fj) with differentials induced by the maps of the coefficient complex (The termwise Hochschild complex of a Rouquier complex and the groups HHH).

[L6]

AC is the choice-function principle (The Axiom of Choice), used only through [L4].

[L7]

An invertible differential block can be canceled by Gaussian elimination; the surviving differential is its Schur complement and the removed identity pair has the inverse block as a contracting homotopy (Gaussian elimination splits a contractible two-term complex).

Verification

technique · direct
1.1L1L2L7givenalgebra

Reduction by induction. Write the two outer copies of y as a,c and the middle copy in B1⊗RB1 as b. Its unshifted coefficient ring has b2=a2=c2 and decomposes as B1⊕B1{2} on the middle basis 1,b, as in [L2]. Tensor the displayed minimal complex for n with [R{2}→B1]. For every existing B1{r} term, the new vertical map B1{r+2}→B1{r}⊗RB1 sends x to x(b+c); its component in the middle-b summand is the identity. Cancel these blocks by [L7], starting from the highest cohomological degree and continuing through the bounded complex. The remaining terms are R{2n+2} and B1{2n},B1{2n−2},…,B1, in degrees −n−1,…,0. The base n=1 is the defined generator complex, so this gives the asserted terms for every n.

1.2L3algebra

Compute the induced maps on HH0. By [L3] the group HH0(B1) is the quotient of B1 by the commutator submodule is free on the class of 1⊗1, with the class of 1⊗y equal to y times it. A bimodule map φ with φ(1⊗1)=1⊗y−y⊗1 therefore induces 0 on HH0, because 1⊗y and y⊗1=y(1⊗1) both lie in the class of y(1⊗1), so their difference maps to 0; while a map with φ(1⊗1)=1⊗y+y⊗1 induces multiplication by 2y.

1.3L3algebra

Compute the induced maps on HH1. By [L3] the group HH1(B1) is free on the class of 1⊗y+y⊗1; a bimodule map φ acts on this class by φ(1⊗y+y⊗1)=φ(1⊗1)⋅y+yφ(1⊗1). For φ(1⊗1)=1⊗y−y⊗1 this gives (1⊗y−y⊗1)y+y(1⊗y−y⊗1)=(y2⊗1−y⊗y)+(y⊗y−y2⊗1)=0, so the induced map is 0; for φ(1⊗1)=1⊗y+y⊗1 the same computation with the signs reversed gives 2y times the generator, so the induced map is multiplication by 2y.

2.1L1L2L7step 1.1algebra

The surviving differential. In the middle basis 1,b, multiplication by b±a has matrix (±aa21±a). Canceling the identity component of the column (c,1)T gives the projection (q0,q1)↦q0−cq1, so on the remaining factor this multiplication becomes ±a−c. Thus an old difference map changes to a sum map and an old sum map to a difference map, up to a unit sign, exactly when its position in the minimal complex advances by one. The new leading map is a+c from the unit term, and the next map is c−a: their product is zero because a2=c2. Choosing signs of the surviving terms successively normalizes all unit signs to give the displayed di, alternating c−a and c+a. This is the actual Schur-complement computation, and each canceled pair has the identity inverse as its homotopy by [L7]. The maps have degree zero between the displayed internal shifts.

3.1L1L2L4L5step 2.1step 1.2step 1.3algebra

The two complexes. By [L5] and [L2] the termwise complexes have the terms shown in the Example, and the differentials are those of steps 1.2 and 1.3 applied to the differential shapes di of [L2]; the terms coming from the unit term R{2n} contribute HH0(R,R)=R in degree 0 and HH1(R,R)=R{2} in degree 1 by [L4], which is the extra initial term of the h=1 complex. The leading HH1 map is the identity in these bases: it sends the source Koszul symbol θ to rb1(1)θ, the target generator of [L3]. Hence the h=0 complex is R{2n}→2yR{2n−2}→0R{2n−4}→2y⋯ and the h=1 complex begins R{2n+2}→1R{2n+2}→0R{2n}→2y⋯, exactly as displayed.

4.1L3step 3.1algebra

Cohomology and actual Rouquier degrees. Number the minimal terms by k=0,…,n; their cohomological degrees are c=k−n. In h=0, multiplication by 2y is injective, the intervening maps are zero, and for odd n the last map is 2y. The only cohomology is R{2n−2k}/(2y)≅Q{2n−2k} at odd 1≤k≤n, giving the first list in the Example. In h=1 the initial identity pair cancels. For n=1 this is the entire complex and the second list is empty. For odd n≥3 the remaining maps alternate 0,2y with a final 2y, so the only cohomology is R{2n−2k+4}/(2y) at odd 3≤k≤n, giving the second list. Hence the class degrees are (h,p,c) as displayed, with no unrecorded cohomological translation by n.

5.1L4L6step 3.1algebra∎

Rank count and comparison. The h=0 list has (n+1)/2 classes and the h=1 list has (n−1)/2 classes, each one-dimensional over Q; the total rank of HHH(σ1n) is therefore n, in agreement with Khovanov's two-strand computation. For n=2k+1, the h=0 list has k+1 entries, the number of numerator monomials in the A=0 series in the cited two-strand example of Gorsky-Kivinen-Simental; that partial-sector count alone does not give the total rank. The pairs (p,c) computed here are the internal and Rouquier degrees, and the identification with the full trigrading uses the dictionary of the comparison on the A page. The only use of AC is in step 3.1 through [L4].

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