Alphabeta Math
ExampleConstruction: AI-adaptedVerification: AI-generatedprecheck passjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-08-31
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Continuing the logarithm once around the unit circle adds 2 pi i

Example

Let γ(t)=e2πit for 0≤t≤1, and start with the principal logarithm germ at 1. Continuation of that germ once around γ ends at the germ of Log⁡+2πi at 1. In particular one full turn adds 2πi.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The loop γ(t)=e2πit and the principal logarithm germ at 1.

[L1]

The principal logarithm is holomorphic on the slit plane and satisfies exp⁡(Log⁡z)=z (The principal logarithm is the normalised holomorphic branch on the slit plane).

[L2]

Two exponential values are equal exactly when they differ by an element of 2πiZ (ker⁡(exp⁡)=2πiZ, and exp⁡z=exp⁡w exactly when z−w∈2πiZ).

Verification

technique · direct
1.1L1algebra

For t∈[0,1], let Vt:=e2πitB(1,1/2) and define Lt(u):=2πit+Log⁡(e−2πitu) for u∈Vt. By [L1], each Lt is holomorphic on Vt and satisfies exp⁡(Lt(u))=u and Lt(γ(t))=2πit.

2.1step 1.1L2algebra∎

Use the subdivision tk:=k/16 for 0≤k≤16. For t∈[tk,tk+1], ∣γ(t)−γ(tk)∣≤2sin⁡(π/16)<12, so the whole subpath lies in Vtk. At the joining point one has Ltk(γ(tk+1))=2πitk+Log⁡(e2πi/16)=2πitk+1=Ltk+1(γ(tk+1)), because the argument increment is π/8. Thus the branches form an admissible continuation chain along γ. At t=0 this is the principal logarithm germ, while the terminal germ at 1 has value 2πi. By [L2], it is the germ of Log⁡+2πi at 1.

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

25 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

Sources