Alphabeta Math
ExampleConstruction: AI-adaptedVerification: AI-generatedprecheck passjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-08-31
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

Continuing a square root once around the origin changes its sign

Example

Let γ(t)=e2πit for 0≤t≤1, and start with the principal square-root germ at 1. After one continuation around γ, the terminal germ at 1 is the negative of the initial one.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The loop γ(t)=e2πit and the principal square-root germ at 1.

[L1]

On the slit plane, the principal square-root branch is R(z)=exp⁡(Log⁡z/2) (A slit-plane root branch biholomorphically parametrizes a sector).

[L2]

Different logarithm branches differ by integer multiples of 2πi, so their square-root branches can differ by sign (Different branches shift logarithms by 2πik and complex powers by exponential factors).

Verification

technique · direct
1.1L1algebra

For t∈[0,1], let Vt:=e2πitB(1,1/2) and define Lt(u):=2πit+Log⁡(e−2πitu) and Rt(u):=exp⁡(Lt(u)/2). Because e−2πitVt=B(1,1/2) lies in the slit plane, [L1] makes each Rt a holomorphic square-root branch on Vt, and Rt(γ(t))=eπit.

2.1step 1.1L2algebra∎

Use the subdivision tk:=k/16 for 0≤k≤16. For t∈[tk,tk+1], ∣γ(t)−γ(tk)∣≤2sin⁡(π/16)<12, so the whole subpath lies in Vtk. At the joining point, the argument increment is π/8, so the logarithm branches Ltk and Ltk+1 agree there and hence define the same germ; therefore their square-root branches do as well. Thus the Rtk form an admissible continuation chain along γ. At t=0 the value at 1 is 1, while the terminal value is eπi=−1. So the terminal germ is the negative of the initial square-root germ.

Depends on

Used by

Nothing in the library uses this result yet.

Dependency tree · two levels

14 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

Sources