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A modulus obstruction to quasiconformal equivalence of round annuli

Statement

Assume the Axiom of Choice. Write λ for extremal length and μ for its reciprocal curve-family modulus (Extremal length and the curve-family modulus of a path family). Call two domains K-quasiconformally equivalent if a K-quasiconformal homeomorphism carries one onto the other, using the equivalent geometric and analytic definitions on this page (Orientation-preserving homeomorphisms and the geometric definition of quasiconformality, The ACL and Sobolev analytic definition of quasiconformality, The geometric and analytic definitions of quasiconformality agree). Then:

(a) If the round annuli A(1,2) and A(1,R) (Annuli in the complex plane) are K-quasiconformally equivalent for finite R>1, then 12πlog⁡R≤K12πlog⁡2, so log⁡R≤Klog⁡2. In particular, for every finite K≥1, the annuli A(1,2) and A(1,2K+1) are not K-quasiconformally equivalent. For example, A(1,2) and A(1,8) are not 2-quasiconformally equivalent, though this estimate does not exclude equivalence for K≥3.

(b) The inverse direction gives the lower bound as well: any such equivalence satisfies 1Klog⁡2≤log⁡R≤Klog⁡2, equivalently the ratio M(A(1,R))/M(A(1,2)) of their conformal parameters from The conformal parameter of a round annulus is a complete invariant lies in [1/K,K].

(c) No finite round annulus A(r,R) with 0<r<R<∞ is K-quasiconformally equivalent to the punctured disc D∗={0<∣z∣<1} for any finite K≥1 (The punctured disc has infinite conformal parameter, unlike every finite annulus).

Facts & Assumptions

Given: Choice, K≥1, round annuli, their connecting curve families, and the punctured-disc path-family conventions.

[F1]

The two definitions of quasiconformality agree with the same constant, and inverses of analytic quasiconformal maps are quasiconformal with the same maximal dilatation (The geometric and analytic definitions of quasiconformality agree, Composition and inversion of quasiconformal maps and their Beltrami coefficients).

[F2]

For 0<r<R<∞, the connecting-family modulus is μ(Γr,R)=2π/log⁡(R/r)>0 (Extremal length of the rectangle and of the round annulus). For D∗ the corresponding family has μ(ΓD∗)=0 (The punctured disc has infinite conformal parameter, unlike every finite annulus).

[F3]

An analytically K-quasiconformal homeomorphism and its inverse distort the connecting-family modulus of any doubly connected domain by at most the factor K (An analytically quasiconformal homeomorphism distorts quadrilateral moduli by at most K, part (ii)).

Proof

technique · apply the two annular modulus inequalities in both directions, then compare the positive finite-annulus modulus with the zero punctured-disc modulus
1.1F1F2F3givenalgebra

Suppose h:A(1,2)→A(1,R) is a K-quasiconformal equivalence. By [F1], its inverse is analytically K-quasiconformal. Apply [F3] to h−1:A(1,R)→A(1,2) to obtain μ(Γ1,2)≤Kμ(Γ1,R). Using [F2], this is 2π/log⁡2≤K(2π/log⁡R), so log⁡R≤Klog⁡2.

2.1F1F2F3step 1.1givenalgebra

Apply [F3] to h itself to get μ(Γ1,R)≤Kμ(Γ1,2). By [F2], 2π/log⁡R≤K(2π/log⁡2), hence log⁡R≥(log⁡2)/K. If R=2K+1, then log⁡R=(K+1)log⁡2>Klog⁡2, contradicting step 1.1; for R=8 and K=2 this is the stated example. The two inequalities together prove (b).

3.1F1F2F3givenalgebra∎

Suppose h:A(r,R)→D∗ were K-quasiconformal. By [F1], h−1:D∗→A(r,R) is analytically K-quasiconformal. Applying [F3] to the doubly connected source D∗ gives μ(Γr,R)≤Kμ(ΓD∗)=0. But [F2] makes the left side 2π/log⁡(R/r)>0, a contradiction.

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