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ExampleConstruction: Literature-sourcedVerification: AI-adaptedSession-authored (Fable 5 assisted)precheck passaudited 2026-08-11
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The opposite-group functor is naturally isomorphic to the identity functor by inversion

Example

Reversing multiplication defines an endofunctor on groups, and inversion gives a natural isomorphism from the identity functor to it.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A group GG and group homomorphisms.

[L2]

Opposite composition reverses the order (Opposite category Cop\mathcal C^{\mathrm{op}}); a natural isomorphism is a natural transformation with a two-sided inverse natural transformation (Natural isomorphism), which holds exactly when every component is an isomorphism (A natural transformation is a natural isomorphism exactly when every component is an isomorphism).

Verification

technique · direct
1.1

Let GopG^{\mathrm{op}} have the same set and identity as GG, with ab=baa\star b=ba. A homomorphism f:GHf:G\to H is also a homomorphism GopHopG^{\mathrm{op}}\to H^{\mathrm{op}}, since f(ab)=f(b)f(a)=f(a)f(b)f(a\star b)=f(b)f(a)=f(a)\star f(b). Thus GGopG\mapsto G^{\mathrm{op}} defines an endofunctor OO on Grp\mathbf{Grp}.

L1L2
1.2

Define νG:GGop\nu_G:G\to G^{\mathrm{op}} by νG(a)=a1\nu_G(a)=a^{-1}. Then νG(ab)=b1a1=νG(a)νG(b)\nu_G(ab)=b^{-1}a^{-1}=\nu_G(a)\star\nu_G(b), and νG\nu_G is its own inverse as a set map, so it is a group isomorphism.

L1
2.1

Every homomorphism preserves inverses, so for f:GHf:G\to H one has O(f)νG(a)=f(a1)=f(a)1=νHf(a)O(f)\nu_G(a)=f(a^{-1})=f(a)^{-1}=\nu_Hf(a). Hence the component square commutes.

step 1.1step 1.2
3.1

The isomorphisms νG\nu_G are natural by step 2.1. Therefore inversion defines a natural isomorphism 1GrpO1_{\mathbf{Grp}}\cong O.

step 2.1L2

Depends on

Used by

Nothing in the library uses this result yet.

Dependency tree · next 3 levels

Direct dependencies and their dependencies through the next three levels: 30 results over 14 levels. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, and this result sits at the bottom with a heavier outline. Click the chart to enlarge it.

Sources