How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
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Ping pong for two loxodromics
Statement
If independent loxodromics satisfy the four uniform pole-neighbourhood inclusions, sufficiently large positive powers generate a rank-two free subgroup. Explicitly, it suffices that a group acts on a set , with elements and four supplied pairwise disjoint nonempty sets , and an integer such that for every integer , Then is free on those two elements for every . The geometric existence of these domains and inclusions is a hypothesis of this example.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The action, elements, four domains and four displayed uniform inclusions.
The free-group universal property is defined in Free group on a set of generators, and its reduced-word realization is proved in Reduced words form the free group on an alphabet.
Verification
Fix integers and set , . For letters write for the corresponding one of the four domains. The assumed inclusions say precisely . Every is nonempty, and distinct letter domains are disjoint.
Let be any nonempty reduced word in these formal letters. Choose a letter different from both and ; among four letters at most two are excluded. Choose . Apply the word to from right to left. Since , the first application sends into . Inductively, a point in lies outside because reducedness means and the domains are disjoint. Thus applying sends it into . Finally , disjoint from the initial domain . Therefore , so the group element represented by is not the identity. This works also for .
By F1 there is a homomorphism from the reduced-word free group on two formal generators to the ambient group sending them to . Its image is : every product of and their inverses is an image, and such products form that subgroup. Step 2.1 shows its kernel has no nonempty reduced word; by F1 the empty word is the only remaining element. The map is therefore injective and identifies its image with the rank-two free group. For instance the reduced commutator word is nonidentity by exactly the same domain test, rather than by an assumed independence theorem. Only one point from one specified nonempty domain was needed for each word, so AC is not used.
Depends on
Used by
Nothing in the library uses this result yet.
Dependency tree · two levels
6 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Canary Theorem 7.3 pp.32–33 (standard reference, not scraped)