Alphabeta Math
ExampleConstruction: Literature-sourcedVerification: AI-generatedaudited 2026-09-04
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

The simplicial homology of the tetrahedron boundary

Example

Let K be the boundary of a tetrahedron. It has 4 vertices, 6 edges, and 4 triangular faces. The complex is connected, hence H0simp(K)≅Z.

Orient the faces as [v0,v1,v2], [v0,v1,v3], [v0,v2,v3], and [v1,v2,v3]. The alternating sum [v1,v2,v3]−[v0,v2,v3]+[v0,v1,v3]−[v0,v1,v2] is a 2-cycle because every edge appears twice with opposite signs. Since C3(K)=0, this gives a nonzero class in H2simp(K).

The three face boundaries ∂[v0,v1,v2],∂[v0,v1,v3],∂[v0,v2,v3] are linearly independent in C1(K) because the edges [v1,v2], [v1,v3], and [v2,v3] occur in only one of them. Thus rank⁡B1(K)≥3. On the other hand, rank⁡C1(K)=6 and rank⁡∂1=3 because H0simp(K)≅Z and C0(K)≅Z4, so rank⁡Z1(K)=6−3=3. Hence B1(K)=Z1(K) and H1simp(K)=0.

Now rank⁡∂2=rank⁡B1(K)=3, so rank⁡Z2(K)=4−3=1. Since Z2(K)⊆C2(K)≅Z4 and already contains a nonzero cycle, it follows that H2simp(K)=Z2(K)≅Z. Thus H0simp(K)≅Z,H1simp(K)=0,H2simp(K)≅Z, and Hnsimp(K)=0 for n≥3.

Depends on

Used by

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Dependency tree · two levels

10 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

Sources