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Stabilizing a framed point suspends its collapse map
Example
Assume . Let be a single positively framed point; its Pontryagin-Thom map is the degree- self-map of , the generator of (the framed-point example). Its equatorial stabilization is the same point in with the prepended normal framing, whose Pontryagin-Thom map is the suspension of the degree- map, i.e. the degree- self-map of , the generator of . Iterating, the stabilization of the positively framed point of is the positively framed point of and the classes are related by the suspension isomorphisms . This verifies the stabilization-to-suspension compatibility on a nonzero class.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A point with a positive framing of its normal bundle , and the equatorial inclusion .
A framing of a single point of is a basis of , and it is positive when that basis is positively oriented for the standard orientation; the Pontryagin-Thom map of a positively framed point is smooth with the centre as a regular value and differential sign , and framed cobordism classes of framed -manifolds are classified by the signed count (Framings of a normal bundle, the local calculation below).
Degree is an isomorphism for every , sending the identity to ; in particular the degree- self-map of generates (Based sphere maps are classified by degree).
Equatorial stabilization sends the class of to the class of the equatorial inclusion with the equatorial normal prepended to the framing, and its Pontryagin-Thom class is the suspension: (Stabilized framed cobordism and the framed bordism group, Stabilizing a framed submanifold suspends its Pontryagin-Thom map).
With the standard orientations, the outward normal of the closed northern hemisphere at a point of the equator and a positive basis of the equator, in that order, form a positive basis of the tangent space of ; this is the boundary-orientation convention. The suspension homomorphism is determined by the sphere-prespectrum homeomorphism , and it sends the class of the identity of to the class of the identity of (Suspension and sphere prespectra).
Countable Choice is inherited from the framed-cobordism, transversality and Pontryagin--Thom suppliers (The Axiom of Countable Choice ()). The finite signed count itself requires no choice.
Verification
Using [A1] for the Pontryagin–Thom and regular-value degree suppliers, for a finite framed set in , the centre of the collapse target has precisely that set as its regular preimage, with differential signs equal to its framing signs. The regular-value degree formula therefore gives degree equal to the signed count. Degree classifies based self-maps of , and the fixed-codimension Pontryagin--Thom bijection transfers this classification to framed cobordism. A single positive point has degree and its reversal degree .
(The framed point generates .) By [F1] the Pontryagin-Thom map of the positively framed point is a smooth self-map of whose differential at has sign , so its degree is ; by [F2] degree is an isomorphism , hence the class of the framed point is the generator. A single point realizes and its orientation reversal in the classification of [F1].
(Its stabilization is a positively framed point.) Under equatorial stabilization the point becomes with the framing , where is the equatorial normal, by [F3]; the normal bundle of the point in is all of , so this framing is a basis of . By [F4] the pair is positive for the standard orientation of because is a positive basis of the equator, so the stabilization is again a single positively framed point. By [F1] its Pontryagin-Thom map has degree and, by [F2], it generates .
(The suspension identity on the generator.) By [F3] the Pontryagin-Thom class of the stabilization is of the class of the framed point, which is the generator of by step 1.2. By [F4] the suspension sends the class of the identity of to the class of the identity of , and the class of the identity is the generator of by [F2]; hence is the identity class of , i.e. the degree- self-map of . This agrees with step 1.3, where the Pontryagin-Thom class of the stabilization was computed directly as the generator of : the identity holds on this nonzero class.
(Iteration and conclusion.) Repeating the two computations one dimension higher: the stabilization of the positively framed point of is the positively framed point of (the same boundary-orientation computation as step 1.3, where the equatorial normal is prepended to a positive basis), and its Pontryagin-Thom class is the generator of ; by [F3] and [F4] these classes are related by the suspension isomorphisms , which send generator to generator. The stabilized class is therefore a nonzero element of the zeroth stable stem (Stable stems of the sphere), and the example verifies the stabilization-to-suspension compatibility on a nonzero class.
Depends on
- The Axiom of Countable Choice ($\mathrm{AC}_\omega$)
- Framings of a normal bundle
- Stabilized framed cobordism and the framed bordism group
- Stable stems of the sphere
- Suspension and sphere prespectra
- Stabilizing a framed submanifold suspends its Pontryagin-Thom map
- Based sphere maps are classified by degree
- The Pontryagin-Thom correspondence in fixed codimension
- Regular-value formula for degree
Used by
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Sources
- Daniel S. Freed, Bordism: Old and New (lecture notes, UT Austin, Fall 2012) (standard reference, not scraped)
- Andrew Ranicki, Algebraic and Geometric Surgery (Oxford Mathematical Monographs, 2002) (standard reference, not scraped)
- John Milnor, Topology from the Differentiable Viewpoint (standard reference, not scraped)