How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
The BCH group of a nilpotent Lie algebra
Example
Let be a finite-dimensional nilpotent real Lie algebra. On its underlying vector space set . The BCH series truncates to a polynomial group law with identity and inverse ; the group is connected and simply connected and has Lie algebra .
This item is stated under .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A finite-dimensional real nilpotent Lie algebra.
In exponential coordinates, the BCH series gives the local multiplication wherever the local logarithm is defined (Baker–Campbell–Hausdorff theorem).
Under countable choice, every finite-dimensional real Lie algebra has a connected simply connected integration (Lie's third fundamental theorem).
The exponential map of a connected simply connected group with nilpotent Lie algebra is a global diffeomorphism; in these coordinates multiplication is the BCH polynomial, which terminates after finitely many bracket lengths (Exponential diffeomorphism for simply connected nilpotent Lie groups).
Verification
If has class , every Lie monomial of bracket length greater than vanishes. Thus the BCH expression supplied globally by [L3] is a finite polynomial. Its universal identities give and .
Let be the connected simply connected integration supplied by [L2]. By [L3], is a diffeomorphism and the transported global product is the truncated BCH polynomial; this agrees with the local formula in [L1]. Associativity, identity , and inverse follow from the laws of .
The underlying manifold is , hence is connected and simply connected, including dimension zero. The antisymmetric part of the quadratic BCH term is , so differentiating the commutator recovers the original bracket.
In the Heisenberg algebra, because brackets of length three vanish. This is a concrete nonabelian instance. The declared is exactly that inherited through [L2]–[L3]; the finite calculation adds no choice.
Depends on
Used by
Nothing in the library uses this result yet.
Dependency tree · two levels
26 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Knapp, Lie Groups Beyond an Introduction, nilpotent Lie groups (standard reference, not scraped)