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ExampleConstruction: Literature-sourcedVerification: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedprecheck passjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-14
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Thom isomorphism for the tautological complex line over CP infinity

Example

Assume AC. Let λ→CP∞ be the tautological complex line. Its underlying real rank-two bundle has the complex orientation, is numerable, and has a unique normalized class

uλ∈H2(D(λ),S(λ);Z).

For every integer k, multiplication by this class gives an isomorphism

Hk(CP∞;Z)→ ≅ Hk+2(D(λ),S(λ);Z);a⟼π∗a⌣uλ.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: AC, the standard weak-CW model of CP∞, and its tautological complex line λ.

[F1]

Stiefel spaces, Grassmannians, and tautological bundles defines Gr⁡1(C∞) as the space of complex lines and its tautological bundle as the pairs (ℓ,v) with v∈ℓ.

[F2]

Milnor's join model is a contractible free G-space identifies the selected BS1 with this standard weak CW colimit and makes its unit-vector principal S1-bundle numerable.

[F3]

R-oriented vector bundle and orientation local system defines an integral orientation as a compatible family of generators of the real fiber disk-pair groups.

[F4]

Thom isomorphism for oriented vector bundles gives the unique normalized class and degree-n cup-product isomorphism for an oriented numerable real rank-n bundle over a CW complex under AC.

[A1]

The Axiom of Choice is assumed exactly to invoke [F4].

Verification

technique · verify numerability and orientation, then apply Thom
1.1F1F2

By definition, CP∞ is the weak colimit of complex lines in CN+1, so [F1] identifies it with Gr⁡1(C∞) and λ with the pairs (ℓ,v), v∈ℓ. Its unit vectors therefore form the standard principal S1-bundle. A principal chart with local unit section si(ℓ) gives the linear chart (ℓ,csi(ℓ))↦(ℓ,c) of λ; hence the support-subordinate numeration in [F2] is also a numeration of λ. The base is the stated weak CW complex.

1.2F1F3

A nonzero vector v in a complex fiber orders its underlying real plane by (v,iv). Replacing v by zv for z∈C× changes this ordered basis by the real matrix of multiplication by z, whose determinant is ∣z∣2>0. Thus all complex-linear transition functions preserve the corresponding generator in [F3], and these generators define the complex orientation of the underlying real rank-two bundle.

2.1F4A1step 1.1step 1.2

Apply [F4] with R=Z, n=2, the numeration from step 1.1, and the orientation from step 1.2. It gives the unique normalized uλ and exactly the displayed isomorphism for every k; no Euler or characteristic-class identification is used.

3.1F1F2F4A1step 1.1step 1.2step 2.1∎

The base is nonempty and the coefficients are the nonzero ring Z, so empty-base and zero-ring cases are outside this example. The single complex line, its zero vector and a coordinate-line point CP0⊂CP∞ are included in steps 1.1–1.2. At the input-degree endpoint k=0, the unit maps to uλ; negative-degree and zero inputs map between zero groups or to zero as covered by [F4]. AC is used only through [A1] in [F4]; the explicit orientation and the supplied numeration require no additional choice.

Depends on

Used by

Nothing in the library uses this result yet.

Dependency tree · two levels

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Sources