Alphabeta Math
ExampleConstruction: AI-adaptedVerification: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-09
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

The Heisenberg transgression and its sign

Example

Give E=Z3 the product (a,b,c)(u,v,w)=(a+u,b+v,c+w+av). For the central extension 0ZEZ20 and trivial coefficients A=Z, the transgression of d:ZZ, d(c)=c, is represented by F((a,b),(u,v))=av and is nonzero. The displayed section and cochains suffice for this concrete calculation.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: E, A and d are as in the example; use the DHW normalizer-quotient sign convention.

[F1]

For invariant d and chosen alpha, eta the normalizer quotient has factor cocycle eta(q)+alpha(q)eta(r)-f(q,r)eta(qr)-d(f(q,r)); its construction works with supplied choices. (Low-degree transgression for a group extension).

[F2]

The factor set of a supplied normalized section represents its extension; a normalized two-coboundary is b(q)+q b(r)-b(qr). (Bar two-cocycles classify abelian-kernel extensions).

Verification

1.1

For triples with first two coordinates (a,b), (u,v), (x,y), the extra central terms in the two associative products are av+(a+u)y and uy+a(v+y), which are equal. The identity is (0,0,0) and the inverse of (a,b,c) is (a,b,c+ab) by multiplication on both sides. Projection onto the first two coordinates is an onto homomorphism with central kernel N={(0,0,c)}. Thus these formulas really give the stated group extension.

algebra
2.1

The action on A is trivial and N is central, so d is a crossed homomorphism and conjugation fixes it. Choose α(a,b)=(a,b,0) and η(a,b)=0. They are normalized and α(q)dd=0=δη(q). Multiplication gives α(a,b)α(u,v)=(a+u,b+v,av), so the factor set, as an element of N identified with Z, is f((a,b),(u,v))=av. F1 yields F=f, not f. These explicit maps supply every choice required for this instance of F1 and F2.

F1F2step 1.1algebra
3.1

The cochain F vanishes if either input is zero. Its cocycle identity is uy+(a+u)ya(v+y)+av=0 for the three inputs in step 1.1. With trivial action on the abelian quotient, every coboundary has the form b(q)+b(r)b(q+r) and is symmetric in q,r. But F((1,0),(0,1))=1, whereas F((0,1),(1,0))=0. Thus F is not a coboundary and its class is nonzero.

F2step 2.1algebra

Depends on

Used by

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Dependency tree · two levels

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Sources