Alphabeta Math
False statementConstruction: AI-adaptedVerification: AI-adaptedprecheck passjudge pass (deepseek-v4-pro + claude-sonnet-5)audited 2026-08-17
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  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
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FALSE: every continuous self-map of the circle is nullhomotopic

Statement

False claim: every continuous map f:R/Z→R/Z is nullhomotopic.

The identity map is a counterexample.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The identity map of S1=R/Z.

[A1]

A map f:X→Y is nullhomotopic if it is homotopic to a constant map cy0:X→Y for some y0∈Y (Nullhomotopic maps and contractible spaces).

[L2]

A homotopy H:Y×I→B through a covering has a unique lift extending any prescribed lift of H(−,0) (Existence and uniqueness of homotopy lifts through a covering map).

[L3]

A path through a covering has a unique lift once its initial point is prescribed (Existence and uniqueness of path lifts through a covering map).

[L4]

The standard loop ω1 is t↦[t] (The standard circle loops ωn(t)=[nt] for n∈Z).

[L5]

For the quotient projection, p(x)=p(y) exactly when x−y∈Z, and p(x+n)=p(x) for every integer n (The circle as S1=R/Z with basepoint [0]).

Refutation

technique · contradiction
1.1A1assume-contra

Suppose, for contradiction, that the identity is nullhomotopic. By [A1], there are c∈R/Z and a homotopy H with H(y,0)=y and H(y,1)=c. Reverse its time coordinate to obtain K(y,t)=H(y,1−t), so K(y,0)=c and K(y,1)=y.

2.1step 1.1L1L2choose

Since p is surjective, choose a∈R with p(a)=c. The constant map y↦a lifts K(−,0), so [L1] and [L2] give a lift K~:(R/Z)×I→R. Define s(y)=K~(y,1). Then s is continuous and p(s(y))=K(y,1)=y, so p∘s is the identity: s is a section of p.

3.1step 2.1L3L4L5L6

The path s∘ω1 is a lift of ω1 because p∘s is the identity, and it is closed because ω1(0)=ω1(1)=[0]. Put m=s([0])∈Z by [L5]. The path t↦m+t is another lift of ω1 starting at m, since [L4] and [L5] give p(m+t)=[t]; it is continuous by [L6]. Uniqueness in [L3] forces s(ω1(t))=m+t, whose endpoint is m+1≠m, contradicting that s∘ω1 is closed.

4.1step 1.1step 2.1step 3.1discharge-contradiction∎

The contradiction discharges the assumption of step 1.1. Hence the identity is not nullhomotopic, and the universal claim is false.

Depends on

Used by

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Dependency tree · two levels

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Sources