Alphabeta Math
False statementConstruction: Literature-sourcedVerification: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-14
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A nilpotent acting basis suffices for Engel's theorem

Statement

In Engel's theorem it is enough to check that the adjoint operators belonging to the members of one vector-space basis are nilpotent.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A characteristic-zero field k and g=sl2(k) with its standard basis e,f,h satisfying [h,e]=2e, [h,f]=2f, and [e,f]=h.

[L1]

Engel's theorem requires adx to be nilpotent for every xg, not merely for chosen basis elements (Engel's theorem).

[L2]

A representation is nil only when every represented operator is nilpotent (Nilpotent transformations and nil representations).

Refutation

technique · direct
1.1

Put u=h+ef. The three vectors e,f,u form a basis: comparison of the h-coefficient in ae+bf+cu=0 first gives c=0, and then a=b=0. Directly, ade(e)=0, ade(f)=h, and ade(h)=2e, so ade3=0; similarly adf(e)=h, adf(f)=0, and adf(h)=2f, so adf3=0.

givenalgebra
2.1

The remaining brackets are [u,e]=2e+h, [u,f]=h2f, and [u,h]=2e2f. Applying adu once more sends these three values respectively to 2u,2u,4u, and [u,u]=0; hence adu3=0. Thus every member of the chosen basis e,f,u acts nilpotently.

givenstep 1.1algebra
3.1

Yet h=ue+f belongs to their span and adh(e)=2e, so (adh)r(e)=2re0 for every r1 in characteristic zero. Therefore adh is not nilpotent, the adjoint representation is not nil in the sense of [L2], and g is not nilpotent by [L1]. This basis is the required counterexample; all calculations are finite and choice-free.

L1L2step 1.1step 2.1algebra

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