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A nilpotent acting basis suffices for Engel's theorem
Statement
In Engel's theorem it is enough to check that the adjoint operators belonging to the members of one vector-space basis are nilpotent.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A characteristic-zero field and with its standard basis satisfying , , and .
Engel's theorem requires to be nilpotent for every , not merely for chosen basis elements (Engel's theorem).
A representation is nil only when every represented operator is nilpotent (Nilpotent transformations and nil representations).
Refutation
Put . The three vectors form a basis: comparison of the -coefficient in first gives , and then . Directly, , , and , so ; similarly , , and , so .
The remaining brackets are , , and . Applying once more sends these three values respectively to , and ; hence . Thus every member of the chosen basis acts nilpotently.
Yet belongs to their span and , so for every in characteristic zero. Therefore is not nilpotent, the adjoint representation is not nil in the sense of [L2], and is not nilpotent by [L1]. This basis is the required counterexample; all calculations are finite and choice-free.
Depends on
Used by
Nothing in the library uses this result yet.
Dependency tree · two levels
7 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Knapp, Lie Groups Beyond an Introduction, Engel's theorem discussion (standard reference, not scraped)