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A complete-or-weakly-sparse blockade yields a complete subblockade or an anticonnected thinning
Statement
Let , let , and let
be a blockade in a graph such that all blocks have the same size and every distinct pair is either complete or mutually -sparse. Then one of the following holds:
- contains a complete -blockade; or
- there exist anticonnected subsets with for all such that every distinct pair is either complete or mutually -sparse.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The blockade of common block size and the complete or mutually -sparse hypothesis on each distinct pair.
Distinct anticonnected components are complete to one another (Distinct connected components are anticomplete, and distinct anticonnected components are complete).
An anticonnected component is, by definition, an inclusion-maximal anticonnected induced subgraph (Anticonnected graphs and anticonnected components).
Proof
Suppose some block has no anticonnected component of size at least . Partition the anticonnected components of into a minimum number of nonempty unions , each of size less than , ordered so that . Since the unions cover and each has size less than , one has . Minimality implies for every , for otherwise those two unions could be merged. Hence for every , because . Distinct anticonnected components are complete to one another by [L1], so distinct unions of them are also complete to one another. Therefore form a complete -blockade, proving outcome 1.
We may therefore assume that every has an anticonnected component of size at least . By [L2], the complement is connected. Choose a spanning tree of , and repeatedly delete leaves until exactly vertices remain. The remaining tree is connected, so the induced subgraph of on those vertices is connected as well. Calling that vertex set , we have , , and anticonnected.
If is complete, then is complete because and . If is mutually -sparse, every vertex of has at most neighbours in , hence at most neighbours in because ; the same argument with and exchanged gives the reverse direction. Thus every noncomplete pair is mutually -sparse.
Step 1.1 yields outcome 1, while steps 2.1 and 3.1 yield outcome 2. Therefore one of the two stated outcomes holds.
Depends on
- A complete-or-weakly-sparse blockade can be thinned to equal subblocks with directional sparsity
- Anticonnected graphs and anticonnected components
- Blockades, their length, their width, and their support
- Sparsity of one vertex set to another, and weak sparsity of a pair
- Distinct connected components are anticomplete, and distinct anticonnected components are complete
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
18 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Tung Nguyen, Alex Scott, and Paul Seymour, Induced subgraph density. VII. The five-vertex path, Claim 7.1.1 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Shenwei Huang, Yiao Ju, and Yidong Zhou, Erdos-Hajnal beyond the five-vertex path, proof of Lemma 3.1 (standard reference, not scraped)