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LemmaStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedverified 2026-09-26 (gpt-6-sol)
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The Zariski topology on an affine product is generally not the product topology

Statement

For affine varieties the product construction has the expected set-theoretic fibres, but its Zariski topology need not equal the product topology of the two Zariski topologies.

Proof

Given: The affine product AC1×CAC1.

[F1] Affine varieties over an algebraically closed field have a categorical product with its canonical projections and coordinate ring k[X]⊗kk[Y]; here the ring is C[x]⊗CC[y]≅C[x,y] (The product of affine varieties has coordinate ring k[X] tensor_k k[Y]).

1.1givenF1algebra

By [F1], the affine product has coordinate ring C[x,y], so the diagonal D={(c,c):c∈C} is the algebraic set V(x−y) and is Zariski closed.

2.1F2step 1.1

Each factor has the cofinite Zariski topology by [F2]. For a point (a,b) off the diagonal, every basic product neighbourhood U×V of it has U∩V≠∅, because both U and V are cofinite in the infinite field C. Choosing c∈U∩V gives (c,c)∈(U×V)∩D. Thus no product-topology neighbourhood of (a,b) is contained in the complement of the diagonal.

3.1F1step 2.1algebra∎

Hence the diagonal is not product-topology closed although it is Zariski closed. For arbitrary affine varieties X,Y, the product property in [F1], applied to a one-point affine variety, identifies points of X×Y with pairs (x,y); the fibre of the first projection over x is therefore set-theoretically {x}×Y. In this example its coordinate ring is C[x,y]/(x−a)≅C[y]. Thus the expected fibres coexist with the topology difference.

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