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LemmaStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-10
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Baire property sigma-algebra and Borel regularity

Statement

In ZFC, in every topological space X the sets with the Baire property form a sigma-algebra containing all Borel sets. Every meagre subset has the Baire property. Every Baire-property set differs from both an Fσ set and a Gδ set by a meagre set.

Facts & Assumptions

[F1]

The property of Baire defines Baire-property sets by meagre error from an open set.

[F2]

The countable Borel hierarchy and its limit convention defines the least sigma-algebra containing the opens.

Proof

Given: An arbitrary topological X. Here Fσ means a countable union of closed sets, and Gδ a countable intersection of open sets.

1.1

A subset of a nowhere dense set is nowhere dense since closure is monotone. A finite union of nowhere dense sets is nowhere dense: inside any nonempty open, successively refine to a nonempty open avoiding each of the finitely many closures; the final refinement avoids their union. Subsets of meagre sets retain the same covering witnesses. For a sequence of meagre sets, A1 chooses a nowhere dense covering sequence for each; the diagonal pairing of their two natural indices yields a covering sequence for the union. Thus meagre sets form an ideal closed under countable unions. The empty set has the all-empty witness sequence.

F1A1
1.2

For closed F, FintF is closed with empty interior: a nonempty open contained in it would be contained in F and hence in its interior, a contradiction. Thus F differs from its open interior by a nowhere dense set and has the Baire property. If U is open, its boundary UU is closed nowhere dense: any nonempty open inside U must meet U, precluding containment in that difference. These statements use only the closure and interior definitions, so hold without separation axioms.

F1
2.1

Suppose AU is meagre with U open. Its complementary set differs from closed XU by the same error; step 1.2 replaces that closed set by its open interior at a further nowhere dense error. Step 1.1 therefore makes the complement Baire-property. For a sequence of Baire-property An, A1 selects witnessing opens U_n. The error (nAn)(nUn) is contained in n(AnUn), meagre by step 1.1. Thus this class is a sigma-algebra, containing opens and all meagre sets by F1. F2's leastness puts every Borel set in it.

F1F2A1step 1.1step 1.2
3.1

Enclose AU in a meagre Fσ set M=nNn by closing its specified nowhere dense witnesses. Put G=UM and H=UM. Then G is Gδ, since G=n(UNn), and H is Fσ. We have GAH. Moreover AGM and HAM(UU), both meagre by steps 1.1–1.2. These give the two required meagre symmetric differences, also when X, U or M is empty. QED.

F1step 1.1step 1.2

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