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LemmaStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-10
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Baire property sigma-algebra and Borel regularity

Statement

In ZFC, in every topological space X the sets with the Baire property form a sigma-algebra containing all Borel sets. Every meagre subset has the Baire property. Every Baire-property set differs from both an Fσ set and a Gδ set by a meagre set.

Facts & Assumptions

[F1]

The property of Baire defines Baire-property sets by meagre error from an open set.

[F2]

The countable Borel hierarchy and its limit convention defines the least sigma-algebra containing the opens.

Proof

Given: An arbitrary topological X. Here Fσ means a countable union of closed sets, and Gδ a countable intersection of open sets.

1.1F1A1

A subset of a nowhere dense set is nowhere dense since closure is monotone. A finite union of nowhere dense sets is nowhere dense: inside any nonempty open, successively refine to a nonempty open avoiding each of the finitely many closures; the final refinement avoids their union. Subsets of meagre sets retain the same covering witnesses. For a sequence of meagre sets, A1 chooses a nowhere dense covering sequence for each; the diagonal pairing of their two natural indices yields a covering sequence for the union. Thus meagre sets form an ideal closed under countable unions. The empty set has the all-empty witness sequence.

1.2F1

For closed F, F∖int⁡F is closed with empty interior: a nonempty open contained in it would be contained in F and hence in its interior, a contradiction. Thus F differs from its open interior by a nowhere dense set and has the Baire property. If U is open, its boundary U‾∖U is closed nowhere dense: any nonempty open inside U‾ must meet U, precluding containment in that difference. These statements use only the closure and interior definitions, so hold without separation axioms.

2.1F1F2A1step 1.1step 1.2

Suppose A△U is meagre with U open. Its complementary set differs from closed X∖U by the same error; step 1.2 replaces that closed set by its open interior at a further nowhere dense error. Step 1.1 therefore makes the complement Baire-property. For a sequence of Baire-property An, A1 selects witnessing opens U_n. The error (⋃nAn)△(⋃nUn) is contained in ⋃n(An△Un), meagre by step 1.1. Thus this class is a sigma-algebra, containing opens and all meagre sets by F1. F2's leastness puts every Borel set in it.

3.1F1step 1.1step 1.2

Enclose A△U in a meagre Fσ set M=⋃nNn‾ by closing its specified nowhere dense witnesses. Put G=U∖M and H=U‾∪M. Then G is Gδ, since G=⋂n(U∖Nn‾), and H is Fσ. We have G⊆A⊆H. Moreover A∖G⊆M and H∖A⊆M∪(U‾∖U), both meagre by steps 1.1–1.2. These give the two required meagre symmetric differences, also when X, U or M is empty. QED.

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