Alphabeta Math
LemmaStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-12
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Balogh combinatorial map

Statement

Assume AC. Put κ=2ℵ0 and C=κ2. There is a map D:C→C, written D(c)=dc, such that for every

f:κ→ω,g:κ→[C]<ω,h:κ→[κ]<ω,

there exist α<β<κ with f(α)=f(β), β∉h(α) and dc(β)=c(α) for every c∈g(α).

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The set C, continuum cardinal κ and the fixed regular rank level of the restriction data.

[F1]

The countable model pair, all tuple types, finite-set and evaluation closure, countable-element inclusion, and trace injectivity on C∩N hold as proved in Balogh finite restriction data.

[F2]

Realizable tuples have labels β<κ above their supports Aβ, and disjoint petals uβ on Jβ supply infinitely many witnesses for every eligible root triple (Balogh countable restriction enumeration).

[F3]

Specified rules admit transfinite recursion (Transfinite recursion).

[A1]

AC is assumed for the preceding data, well-orders and model/witness selections (The Axiom of Choice).

Proof

1.1F2A1

Fix the enumeration and thinning in F2 under A1. For c∈C and β<κ set dc(β)=c(β) if β∈P and c↾Aβ∈Bβ; set dc(β)=c(γ) if β∈P, that trace is outside Bβ, and it belongs to uβ(γ) for some γ∈Jβ; in every other case set dc(β)=0. By disjointness of the petals in F2 the second clause has at most one such γ. The first two clauses have disjoint trace conditions, and all values are in 2. Thus these rules define a function dc:κ→2 and hence a fixed map D:C→C, before any test functions f,g,h are supplied. Empty Jβ contributes only the first or default clause.

1.2F1F2A1

Now fix arbitrary test functions of the stated types. F1 supplies countable M∈N with the parameters in M, and F2 gives the label β of their tuple. Write A=N∩κ; since A⊆β, the ordinal β is outside N and M. Put n=f(β), E0=g(β)∩M, and e0(c)=c(β) for c∈E0. The finite set E0 and finite function e0 belong to M by its finite-set closure in F1; their binary values and ordered-pair codings belong there too. The set H0={γ<κ:f(γ)=n, E0⊆g(γ), (∀c∈E0) c(γ)=e0(c)} belongs to M by definability and uniqueness. These bounded conditions on graphs are absolute in the transitive rank level of F1, and H0 has low rank there. We have β∈H0. It is uncountable: if it were countable, F1 would imply H0⊆M, contradicting β∉M.

2.1step 1.2F1F3A1

There exists a maximal K⊆H0 such that g(γ)∩g(δ)=E0 for distinct members. Indeed use A1 to well-order H0, and F3 to scan it, accepting a point exactly when it is compatible with all earlier accepted points. Every rejected point remains incompatible with an accepted point, so the resulting set is maximal. All subsets of H0 and the finite intersection tests have rank below κ+ω<θ, as in F1. Consequently the existential assertion has its real meaning in Vθ, and elementarity gives such a K∈M, with actual maximality. If K were countable, F1 would imply K⊆M. For γ∈K, the finite set g(γ) would then be a subset of M, and g(γ)∩g(β)=E0: it contains E0 by γ∈H0 and can meet g(β) only in M∩g(β)=E0. Thus β∉K could be adjoined, a contradiction. Therefore K is uncountable.

3.1step 1.2step 2.1F1

If γ∈K and some c∈(g(γ)∖E0)∩M, then γ is the unique member of K with c∈g(γ), because two would violate the root-intersection equation. Since K,g,c∈M, uniqueness and elementarity put γ∈M by F1. Hence γ∈K∖M implies g(γ)∩M=E0. The set K∖M is uncountable by step 2.1 and countability of M. Both K,M∈N, so it belongs to N. Its intersection with N is infinite: after any finite list of distinct members in N, elementarity gives another member outside that finite list, using finite-set closure F1. For γ∈K∩(N∖M), one has γ∈A and g(γ)⊆N. Set E={c↾A:c∈E0} and e(c↾A)=e0(c). Trace injectivity F1 makes e well-defined. The trace test gives q(γ)∩B=E, and γ∈H0 gives p(γ)=n and vγ↾E=e. Injectivity also transfers the pairwise root intersections of g to q. Thus this infinite reflected set witnesses t=(n,E,e)∈Iβ.

4.1step 1.1step 1.2step 3.1F1F2

F2 now supplies a point α∈Jβ∩KTβ(t) with uβ(α)=q(α)∖E. It is in A⊆β, and f(α)=p(α)=n=f(β). Moreover h(α) is a finite subset of N by F1, whereas β∉N, so β∉h(α). If c∈g(α)∩M, its trace lies in q(α)∩B=E. Trace injectivity identifies it with the member of E0 having that trace. Therefore c(α)=e(c↾A)=c(β), and the first defining clause gives dc(β)=c(β)=c(α). If instead c∈g(α)∖M, F1 says its trace is outside B; it lies in q(α)∖E=uβ(α), so the second clause gives dc(β)=c(α). These cases exhaust g(α), including the empty case where no equations are required.

5.1step 1.1step 4.1

The map in step 1.1 is fixed independently of the arbitrary test functions, and step 4.1 provides their required pair with every listed property. Thus it satisfies the full quantified statement. QED.

Depends on

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Sources