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LemmaStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedprecheck passjudge pass (gpt-6-sol)audited 2026-09-30
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The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

Bounded-arity Boolean constraints become binary graph constraints

Statement

Fix q≥2. Every finite explicit Boolean constraint system with m listed constraints, each of arity ki satisfying 1≤ki≤q, has a deterministically constructible binary constraint graph over the fixed alphabet Σ^={B(0),B(1)}⊔{T(a):a∈{0,1}q} with at most q edges per listed constraint. The original variables remain shared graph vertices. The graph has perfect completeness, and UNSAT⁡(G′)≥UNSAT⁡(C)q.

Facts & Assumptions

[F1]

A bounded-arity constraint system is a finite list of ordered variable tuples and their relations; repeated variables and repeated constraints are allowed. (Assignment tester and rejection ratio)

[F2]

A binary constraint graph is a finite multigraph whose edges carry explicit relations in specified endpoint order. (Constraint graph and labeling value)

Proof

Given: Let the input constraints be Ci=(xi,1,…,xi,ki) with relations Ri⊆{0,1}ki, for i=1,…,m.

1.1F1F2givenconstruct

Keep one shared vertex for each old variable. For each listed constraint i, add a private tuple vertex zi; for each occurrence j=1,…,ki, add a separate edge from zi to xi,j with relation Si,j={(T(a),B(b)):a∈{0,1}q, (a1,…,aki)∈Ri, b=aj}. Thus suffix coordinates after ki are ignored, and the graph has exactly ∑iki≤qm edge records.

2.1F1step 1.1construct

If σ satisfies the input, label each old vertex x by B(σ(x)) and label zi by T(ai), where ai has first ki coordinates (σ(xi,1),…,σ(xi,ki)) and zero suffix. Then ai's prefix lies in Ri, so every edge relation Si,j is satisfied. This proves perfect completeness.

2.2F1F2step 1.1

For any output labeling, decode an old vertex carrying B(b) as bit b, and decode any other old label as 0. If an input constraint is violated by this decoded assignment, at least one edge in its star must fail: if all its star edges passed, their common tuple label would have an accepted Ri-prefix equal coordinate-by-coordinate to the decoded old labels, contradicting that violation. This argument also covers repeated variable occurrences (they use the same old label on distinct parallel edge records) and Ri=∅.

3.1F1F2step 2.1step 2.2algebradischarge-construct∎

Distinct input constraints have disjoint edge stars because their tuple vertices are private, even when their variable tuples repeat. Thus every output labeling violates at least as many edges as its decoded input assignment violates constraints, hence at least mUNSAT⁡(C). If m>0, the output has at most qm edges, so its violated fraction is at least UNSAT⁡(C)/q. If m=0, both systems have unsatisfaction zero by the empty-list convention, and the inequality still holds.

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Dependency tree · two levels

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Sources