How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Bounded-arity Boolean constraints become binary graph constraints
Statement
Fix . Every finite explicit Boolean constraint system with listed constraints, each of arity satisfying , has a deterministically constructible binary constraint graph over the fixed alphabet with at most edges per listed constraint. The original variables remain shared graph vertices. The graph has perfect completeness, and
Facts & Assumptions
A bounded-arity constraint system is a finite list of ordered variable tuples and their relations; repeated variables and repeated constraints are allowed. (Assignment tester and rejection ratio)
A binary constraint graph is a finite multigraph whose edges carry explicit relations in specified endpoint order. (Constraint graph and labeling value)
Proof
Given: Let the input constraints be with relations , for .
Keep one shared vertex for each old variable. For each listed constraint , add a private tuple vertex ; for each occurrence , add a separate edge from to with relation . Thus suffix coordinates after are ignored, and the graph has exactly edge records.
If satisfies the input, label each old vertex by and label by , where has first coordinates and zero suffix. Then 's prefix lies in , so every edge relation is satisfied. This proves perfect completeness.
For any output labeling, decode an old vertex carrying as bit , and decode any other old label as . If an input constraint is violated by this decoded assignment, at least one edge in its star must fail: if all its star edges passed, their common tuple label would have an accepted -prefix equal coordinate-by-coordinate to the decoded old labels, contradicting that violation. This argument also covers repeated variable occurrences (they use the same old label on distinct parallel edge records) and .
Distinct input constraints have disjoint edge stars because their tuple vertices are private, even when their variable tuples repeat. Thus every output labeling violates at least as many edges as its decoded input assignment violates constraints, hence at least . If , the output has at most edges, so its violated fraction is at least . If , both systems have unsatisfaction zero by the empty-list convention, and the inequality still holds.
Depends on
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
6 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Irit Dinur, The PCP Theorem by Gap Amplification (standard reference, not scraped)
- Sanjeev Arora and Boaz Barak, Computational Complexity: A Modern Approach (standard reference, not scraped)