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Bolzano-Weierstrass implies Cauchy completeness in any ordered field
Statement
Let be an ordered field with the Bolzano-Weierstrass property (BW) of The five completeness properties of an ordered field: least upper bound, monotone convergence, nested intervals, Bolzano-Weierstrass, and Cauchy completeness. Then has Cauchy completeness (CC): every Cauchy sequence in converges in .
No Archimedean hypothesis is needed here, and none is hidden: (BW) already carries the Archimedean property on its own (Bolzano-Weierstrass alone forces the Archimedean property, so it needs no separate Archimedean hypothesis), but that fact is not used below.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: An ordered field with (BW), and a Cauchy sequence in .
Sequences in an ordered field: boundedness, subsequences, convergence in and Cauchyness in (Sequences, convergence, Cauchyness, monotonicity, boundedness and closed intervals in an arbitrary ordered field).
In any ordered field, a Cauchy sequence is bounded (clause 4 of Sequence basics in an arbitrary ordered field: limits are unique, limits preserve non-strict inequalities, convergent sequences are Cauchy, Cauchy sequences are bounded, and a Cauchy sequence with a convergent subsequence converges), and a Cauchy sequence with a subsequence converging to converges to (clause 5 of the same lemma).
Proof
Being Cauchy in , the sequence is bounded.
By (BW) there is a strictly increasing and an with in .
A Cauchy sequence with a convergent subsequence converges to the same limit, so in .
An arbitrary Cauchy sequence in therefore converges in , which is (CC).
Remarks
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This is the only implication on the page that is pure bookkeeping, and that is precisely because both of its ingredients were extracted into Sequence basics in an arbitrary ordered field: limits are unique, limits preserve non-strict inequalities, convergent sequences are Cauchy, Cauchy sequences are bounded, and a Cauchy sequence with a convergent subsequence converges and proved there for an arbitrary ordered field. Written out inline it would repeat the boundedness induction and the three-term triangle estimate of that lemma.
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The converse fails: has (CC) (Every Cauchy sequence in converges: is sequentially Cauchy complete) and, being non-Archimedean ( is non-Archimedean, and the monomials are cofinal below its positive elements), fails (BW) by Bolzano-Weierstrass alone forces the Archimedean property, so it needs no separate Archimedean hypothesis.
Depends on
- The five completeness properties of an ordered field: least upper bound, monotone convergence, nested intervals, Bolzano-Weierstrass, and Cauchy completeness
- Sequences, convergence, Cauchyness, monotonicity, boundedness and closed intervals in an arbitrary ordered field
- Sequence basics in an arbitrary ordered field: limits are unique, limits preserve non-strict inequalities, convergent sequences are Cauchy, Cauchy sequences are bounded, and a Cauchy sequence with a convergent subsequence converges
Used by
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Sources
- J. F. Hall, Completeness of Ordered Fields (standard reference, not scraped)
- Cauchy sequence (Wikipedia) (standard reference, not scraped)
- W. Rudin, Principles of Mathematical Analysis, 3rd ed., Ch. 3 (standard reference, not scraped)