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Chern character induces the rational isomorphism on AHSS E-two

Statement

Assume AC and let X be a finite CW complex. Put HPj(X,A;Q)=kZHj+2k(X,A;Q). Use the actual K-theory and ordinary-cohomology pair sequences, with the common pair-boundary normalization of The graded Chern character respects relative maps and skeletal filtrations. Write Er(K) and Er(HP) for their skeletal spectral sequences, beginning with the relative groups on page one. Rationalization of the K-theory skeletal exact couple gives a spectral sequence canonically identified pagewise with Er(K)ZQ.

The rationalized graded character induces a morphism chQ,r:Er(K)p,qQEr(HP)p,q. It is an isomorphism on page two (indeed on page one). Under the cellular-cochain coordinates on page one, it applies the coefficient map Kq()QHPq(;Q) to each cell: this sends the fixed Bott translate of 1 to 1 in the sole H0(;Q) summand when q is even, and is the unique isomorphism 00 when q is odd. The page-two map is the homology map induced by this coefficientwise cochain isomorphism. The stable map agrees with the map on skeletal filtration quotients induced by the rationalized character.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: AC, the finite CW complex and the actual pair theories in the Statement; orient its finitely many cells.

[A1]

AC is inherited from K-theory and the graded character (The Axiom of Choice).

[F1]

The cofiber first-page groups identify with finite cellular cochains, naturally in a suspension-compatible theory map (The AHSS E-one page is cellular cochains with theory coefficients).

[F2]

The graded character is additive, natural and suspension-compatible with the fixed Bott normalization; on degree-zero coefficients it sends virtual rank to its rational image (Graded Chern character by suspension and Bott periodicity). Its relative maps commute with pair connectors and preserve the skeletal kernel filtrations (The graded Chern character respects relative maps and skeletal filtrations).

[F3]

Actual complex K-theory has natural pair exact sequences and coefficients Z in even degrees and zero in odd degrees (Complex K-theory is a two-periodic generalized cohomology theory). Ordinary cohomology has natural pair sequences, the dimension axiom and finite additivity (Singular cohomology satisfies the Eilenberg Steenrod cohomology axioms).

[F4]

An initial exact couple generates spectral pages by images, kernels and homology, and a morphism of couples induces compatible maps of all pages (Exact couple, An exact couple generates a spectral sequence, A map of exact couples induces a map of spectral sequences).

[F5]

Tensor products are generated by elementary tensors with bilinearity and balancing relations, and every tensor is a finite sum (The tensor product MRN from the additive group underlying the free Z-module on M×N, elementary tensors, and finite tensor sums).

[F6]

For given finite skeletal pair couples, stable subquotients identify with the kernel filtrations in cohomology by restricting classes to skeleta and lifting their images; the edge maps are the corresponding restriction/quotient maps (Edge maps of a bounded skeletal AHSS).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1

We check exactness of rationalization explicitly. For an abelian group M, form fractions (m,s) with positive integers s, identifying (m,s)(m,s) if t(smsm)=0 for some positive integer t. Reflexivity and symmetry are immediate; for transitivity multiply the two witnessing relations by the other denominators and add, producing a positive integer witness. Addition by common denominator and multiplication by rational scalars respect this relation by the same cross multiplication, giving a rational vector space S1M. The map m(a/s)(am,s) respects [F5]'s defining relations. Conversely (m,s)m(1/s) is well defined: a witnessing relation makes the difference (smsm)1/(ss) equal t(smsm)1/(tss)=0. These maps are inverse on the generators, so MQ=S1M. In particular m/s=0 exactly when some positive integer kills m. If LMfP is exact and f(m)/s=0, then tf(m)=0 for some t>0, so tm has a preimage lL and m/s is the image of l/(ts). Conversely the composite is zero. Injectivity and surjectivity are preserved by the same fraction criterion. Thus rationalization is exact.

F5algebra
1.2

The actual pair sequences of [F3] and [F2] give skeletal exact couples. Explicitly for either cohomology theory use Da,b=hab1(Xa1), Ea,b=hab(Xa,Xa1), with restriction, boundary and pair map as i,j,k, then reindex the output by (p,q)=(a,b). Exactness is exactly the three corresponding portions of the pair sequences. For HP, direct sums over the even shifts are exact: every element has finite support, and preimages for a finite support can be chosen finitely. Its pair maps are the ordinary ones. The character on the skeletal groups commutes with all three arrows by [F2].

F2F3F4given
2.1

Tensor the K-theory exact couple of step 1.2 with Q. Step 1.1 preserves each exactness identity, hence gives another exact couple. For every differential group, exactness applied to 0kerdEimd0 and 0imdkerdH(E,d)0 proves that kernels, images and homology commute with rationalization. Induction over derived couples therefore identifies its rth page with Er(K)Q, and its differential with dr1. The target couple consists of rational vector spaces, so the additive character extends uniquely by xaach(x). It still commutes with i,j,k, and [F4] supplies the asserted page morphism.

F4step 1.1step 1.2algebra
2.2

Apply [F1] to the two actual theories and the character from [F2]. Each first-page map is the coefficient map on each cell. By [F3] the source coefficient is Z in even degree and zero in odd degree. By the dimension axiom the target coefficient has only its H0() summand in even degree and is zero in odd degree. The normalization in [F2] sends 1 to 1 in degree zero, and its fixed Bott transport gives the same assertion in every even degree, positive or negative. Thus the coefficient map after tensoring is QQ, aa, or 00. There are finitely many cells in a column, so tensoring its finite product of coefficient groups is the same as taking their tensor products coordinatewise, using the finite projections and inclusions. Consequently the rationalized first-page map is an isomorphism in every bidegree.

F1F2F3step 1.1algebra
3.1

The first-page map of step 2.2 is a cochain map by step 2.1. A bijective cochain map has a cochain inverse: conjugate the differential-commutation identity by its inverse. It therefore induces an isomorphism on homology, giving the asserted page-two isomorphism and its coefficient description. The same argument inductively also gives isomorphisms on all later pages. This argument needs no claim that an arbitrary theory's independently specified suspension and pair connector produce a normalized cellular differential.

step 2.1step 2.2algebra
3.2

By [F2] the absolute character preserves the skeletal kernels. Step 1.1 identifies the rationalized kernels and their quotients with the kernels and quotients for the rationalized theory. In [F6]'s stable formula a relative representative maps to its pair image on a skeleton, and a lift from X determines a unique filtration coset. The commuting pair and restriction squares of step 1.2 carry such a representative and lift to the corresponding ones for HP. Thus the stable page map is precisely the associated-graded map of the rationalized character.

F2F6step 1.1step 1.2step 2.1algebra
4.1

If X is empty or a column has no cells, [F1] gives zero first pages and hence zero subsequent pages. For a zero-dimensional complex only column zero remains. In every total degree there are at most dimX+1 columns; no global bound on the coefficient rows is asserted. Odd rows have the zero isomorphism, not an omitted comparison, and every negative even degree is included by step 2.2. AC is exactly the inherited assumption [A1]; the fraction and finite-coordinate arguments introduce no further choice requirement. These checks complete the claim.

A1F1step 2.2step 3.1step 3.2

Source notes

Hatcher, Vector Bundles & K-Theory, §4.1, printed pp.110–111, https://pi.math.cornell.edu/~hatcher/VBKT/VB.pdf , proves the character's Bott normalization and suspension compatibility and uses exactness after tensoring with the rationals in the proof of Proposition 4.5. The exact-couple rationalization and pagewise comparison are proved here; no AHSS comparison theorem is attributed to that passage.

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