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Edge maps of a bounded skeletal AHSS

Statement

Let X be a nonempty finite CW complex of dimension N. Consider the skeletal exact couples of given cohomology and homology theories on CW pairs, with natural pair long exact sequences and zero groups on the empty space. Their skeletal spectral sequences have the following edge maps. Set Xp=∅ for p<0 and Xp=X for p≥N, and put Fphn(X)=ker⁡(hn(X)→hn(Xp−1)),Fphn(X)=im⁡(hn(Xp)→hn(X)). The assertion concerns the spectral sequences of these given pair exact couples; no identification of their second pages is needed.

In cohomology, for every 0≤p≤N and every q the pair map k:hp+q(Xp,Xp−1)→hp+q(Xp) carries a stable cycle of E∞p,q to a class in hp+q(Xp) that is the restriction of a class on X, and the induced map E∞p,q→ ≅ Fphp+q(X)/Fp+1hp+q(X),[e]⟼[x]where x∣Xp=k(e), is an isomorphism; the lift x is determined modulo Fp+1. In particular the 0-column edge is the quotient hn(X)→hn(X)/F1hn(X)≅E∞0,n induced by restriction to X0, and the top-column edge E∞N,n−N≅FNhn(X)⊆hn(X) is the inclusion of the kernel of restriction to XN−1.

In homology, the pair map j:hp+q(Xp)→hp+q(Xp,Xp−1) descends in the opposite direction to an isomorphism Fphp+q(X)/Fp−1hp+q(X)→ ≅ Ep,q∞, with Fphn(X)=im⁡(hn(Xp)→hn(X)). The 0-column edge is the inclusion F0hn(X)=im⁡(hn(X0)→hn(X))⊆hn(X), induced by the skeleton inclusion hn(X0)→hn(X), and the top-column edge is the quotient hn(X)→hn(X)/FN−1hn(X)≅EN,n−N∞.

These identifications require boundedness of the skeletal index only: for each fixed p the stable terms exist because the filtration is finite in p, and no boundedness, vanishing or first-quadrant hypothesis is imposed on the coefficient index q. For empty X, every group and edge map is zero.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The theories and pair sequences in the Statement. Pair maps and skeletal maps are the usual restriction maps in cohomology and inclusion maps in homology.

[F1]

An initial homological exact couple has i,j,k of degrees (1,−1),(0,0),(−1,0) and is exact at each vertex (Exact couple).

[F2]

Its spectral pages are Nr/Br, where Nr=k−1(im⁡ir−1) and Br=j(ker⁡ir−1), with the shifted indices specified in An exact couple generates a spectral sequence.

Proof

technique · direct
1.1F1F2given

For cohomology use homological indices (a,b), putting Da,b=h−a−b−1(X−a−1) and Ea,b=h−a−b(X−a,X−a−1). The maps i,j,k are respectively restriction, pair boundary and pair-to-absolute map. The given pair sequences prove all three exactness conditions of [F1]. For homology put Dp,q=hp+q(Xp) and Ep,q=hp+q(Xp,Xp−1); inclusion, pair map and boundary are i,j,k, and again the pair sequences prove exactness. Thus [F2] applies to both couples. In the cohomological output reindex (a,b)=(−p,−q).

2.1F1F2step 1.1algebra

Fix 0≤p≤N, q∈Z and n=p+q. Substituting the cohomological groups of step 1.1 in [F2] gives Nr=k−1(im⁡(hn(Xp+r−1)→hn(Xp))) and Br=j(ker⁡(hn−1(Xp−1)→hn−1(Xp−r))). For r≥N+2, the former skeleton is X and the latter is empty. Hence N∞=k−1(im⁡(hn(X)→hn(Xp))) and B∞=im⁡j=ker⁡k. Put K=im⁡(hn(X)→hn(Xp))∩ker⁡(hn(Xp)→hn(Xp−1)). Exactness says im⁡k is the second factor, so k maps N∞ onto K with kernel B∞. Restriction maps Fphn(X) onto K: a lift x of a member of K restricts to zero on Xp−1. Its kernel is Fp+1. The two quotient isomorphisms give exactly the claimed map, with its lift independent modulo Fp+1.

2.2F1F2step 1.1algebra

In homology [F2] gives Nr=k−1(im⁡(hn−1(Xp−r)→hn−1(Xp−1))) and Br=j(ker⁡(hn(Xp)→hn(Xp+r−1))). Thus for r≥N+2, N∞=ker⁡k=im⁡j and B∞=j(ker⁡u), where u:hn(Xp)→hn(X). Define im⁡j→Fp/Fp−1 by j(x)↦u(x)+Fp−1. Two lifts differ by ker⁡j=im⁡(hn(Xp−1)→hn(Xp)), so this is well defined and surjective. Its kernel equals j(ker⁡u): if u(x) comes from y∈hn(Xp−1), subtract the image of y from x to get a lift with zero image in hn(X) and unchanged j(x). Conversely such a lift plainly maps to zero. Quotienting gives Ep,q∞≅Fp/Fp−1. Its inverse is induced by j, not by a map from E1 directly to hn(X).

3.1step 2.1givenalgebra

The cohomological filtration has F0=hn(X) and FN+1=0, since restriction to the empty space is zero and restriction to X is the identity. At p=0, step 2.1 identifies the quotient by F1 with the image of restriction to X0 and hence with E∞0,n. At p=N, its lift x is already a class on X, yielding the inclusion E∞N,n−N≅FN↪hn(X). These are precisely the stated cohomological edges.

3.2step 2.2givenalgebra

Likewise F−1=0 and FN=hn(X). At p=0 step 2.2 gives E0,n∞≅F0 followed by the inclusion in hn(X); the composite from hn(X0) is the original skeletal inclusion map. At p=N, the map induced by j is the quotient hn(X)→hn(X)/FN−1≅EN,n−N∞. Thus the homological edges have the asserted directions.

4.1F2step 2.1step 2.2step 3.1step 3.2algebra∎

The same bound r≥N+2 worked for every q in steps 2.1 and 2.2. Outside 0≤p≤N the pair terms vanish by exactness for an identical pair, so all their later subquotients vanish. No boundedness on q is used. If N=0, the two edges coincide with the identity under the displayed identifications. If X is empty, exactness and the zero absolute groups make all relative groups and pages zero. The representative arguments establish unique cosets and never choose a family of lifts; no additional choice principle is used.

Source notes

Loizides, The Atiyah–Hirzebruch Spectral Sequence, §3.2, printed pp.7–8, https://math.gmu.edu/~yloizide/Atiyah-Hirzebruch.pdf , proves the cohomological stable subquotient and its kernel-filtration identification in Lemma 3.6 and Theorem 3.4. Here both variances and the extreme edge maps are calculated directly from the exact-couple subquotient theorem.

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