How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Closed and open payoffs admit unraveling covers
Statement
In ZFC, for every taboo tree , each open or closed and every , there is a -covering unraveling . Its alphabet is a set but need not be countable.
Facts & Assumptions
Game coverings, k-coverings and unraveling specifies position reflection, total strategy locality, lifts and unraveling.
Assume The Axiom of Choice for fixed legal defaults and witness selectors.
Proof
Given: A taboo tree , a requested depth , and first a closed payoff .
Increase to an even and keep the tree and all labels unchanged through . For each nonterminal of length and legal , put . Let consist of nonterminal strict extensions of whose branch cylinders miss , minimal among such strict extensions. Distinct members of are incomparable. At , the new I moves are for . If is terminal, the decorated node is terminal with its original label. Otherwise II can accept with for any legal at , or challenge with for and . All these move collections are sets.
After acceptance copy the original continuation until its first original terminal or its first . Keep an original terminal's label; make a reached taboo for II when and taboo for I otherwise, and keep no descendants of this new terminal. After challenge force the intervening history through , then copy the original tree and taboos beyond . This is prefix closed, and no forced proper prefix of is an original terminal. Every retained node not assigned a taboo has a child: use an original legal move in the copy, the next forced move in a challenge, or an acceptance response after a nonterminal decorated move. Erasing decorations therefore defines a length/prefix preserving map reflecting each original taboo.
An infinite accepting play cannot meet . If its projection were outside closed , some prefix cylinder would miss ; extending that prefix if necessary past gives a nonterminal such prefix on this infinite branch. The first such strict extension belongs to , a contradiction. Hence every infinite accepting play projects into . Every infinite challenging play extends its challenged and projects outside . Thus consists exactly of the infinite accepting plays. Acceptance versus challenge is decided at depth , so this subset and its complement are unions of cylinders and are open.
Fix legal defaults on with A1. For a source I strategy , play its identical moves before depth , erase its decoration at that depth, and thereafter simulate its accepting continuation. If a first is reached, use defaults thereafter. If a first is reached, replace the accepting simulation by the challenging simulation for this and follow beyond it. The earlier portion of this challenging lift is consistent: after the challenge all its moves up to are forced to be the very history already played. Every consistent maximal target play either has its exact accepting lift, ends with its original terminal label, has the finite I-taboo accepting lift at , or has its exact challenging lift at . These are precisely the alternatives in F1.
For a source II strategy , follow its moves before . At a target nonterminal define . Its response to must accept: a challenge to would require while witnessing . Simulate that response and the resulting accepting continuation. At a first , use defaults. At a first , the set of whose response challenges is nonempty; use a fixed selector to choose and switch to that challenging simulation beyond . Its preceding forced segment agrees with the target history. The target play has an exact accepting lift if no node is reached, a finite II-taboo accepting lift if , or an exact challenging lift using otherwise. Original terminal cases retain their labels, including terminals before decoration. Hence II lifting also holds.
The selectors just used can be fixed independently of : A1 chooses, for each , a choice function on the nonempty subsets of . The family of all these required nonempty subsets is a set. At every position of length , define the image strategy to equal the source strategy at that identical position, even when the position is inconsistent with earlier own prescriptions. At positions of length inconsistent with earlier own prescriptions, assign the fixed legal default; at the remaining positions use the simulations above. Consistency is decided from the strictly earlier prescriptions, so this defines total strategies by recursion over length. At a position of length , every simulated strategy value is queried at length at most ; for II's and tables the only extra queries have length . Selectors are fixed, so equal source strategies below have equal images below . Before the strategies and position maps are literal identities. We have proved all F1 requirements for a -covering, hence a -covering.
Step 3.1 proves that this covering unravels closed , including empty and whole payoffs. If is open, apply the construction to the closed complement . Its lifted complement is clopen, so its relative complement is clopen too. Thus the same covering unravels , proving the open case as well. QED.
Depends on
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
4 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Lemma 7, complete proof (standard reference, not scraped)
- Lemma 2.1.7, printed pp70–76 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Lemma 3, printed pp452–453 (independent pruned/quasistrategy construction) (standard reference, not scraped)