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Borel payoffs admit unraveling covers
Statement
In ZFC, for every set-sized game tree with terminal taboos , every Borel and every , there is a -covering of whose inverse image of is clopen.
Facts & Assumptions
Borel hierarchy exhaustion and preservation by continuous pullback gives exhaustion and preservation of ranks by continuous pullback.
Closed and open payoffs admit unraveling covers supplies every requested-depth unraveling for closed and open payoffs.
Stabilizing systems of game coverings have inverse limits supplies covering inverse limits for coherent systems stabilizing at each finite depth.
Composition and continuity of game coverings gives composition, continuity, and preservation of clopen sets by pullback.
Transfinite induction permits induction on the positive countable ranks.
Minimum-rank selection and Collection makes the least-rank witnesses in any nonempty definable class a nonempty set.
Transfinite recursion permits set-length recursion with a total rule.
Assume The Axiom of Choice.
Proof
Given: The stated ZFC assumptions. We induct simultaneously for all set alphabets, taboo trees and natural depths; these are quantified parameters, not a set of all trees.
At rank one, F2 handles open and closed payoffs. At any rank a covering unraveling a set also unravels its complement, since the inverse images are relative complements and the complement of a clopen set is clopen. Thus at a higher rank it suffices to handle where and . Assume by F5 that the theorem holds for all lower ranks and all the quantified parameters.
We justify the dependent sequence of cover choices before using it. A state is a finite tower over this fixed , together with its last projection to ; a valid successor adds a covering of its last tree unraveling the next pulled-back at depth . By F4 that projection is continuous; F1 preserves under pullback. The induction hypothesis therefore supplies at least one successor state for every valid state. Use F6 to define as the set of all valid successors of least member-rank. It is nonempty. On an invalid state define , so this is a definable set-valued operation on every input.
Starting with the singleton of the length-zero tower, define . Replacement and Union form each right side, and F7 forms the sequence (with empty-set default for malformed histories). Then is a set and for every . A1 chooses on this set-indexed family. Recursion by F7, , starting at the valid length-zero state, yields only valid towers of length , since every member of is a valid extension. We have consequently constructed and -coverings unraveling the pullback of to . This uses choice on a set, not a choice function on a proper class.
Compose adjacent coverings by F4 to get coherent maps . They are all -coverings. Given depth , choose with ; every adjacent map beyond and hence every composite beyond is identity through that depth, on nodes, taboo labels and the stipulated strategy restrictions. Thus F3 applies and gives with coherent -coverings . For each , the inverse image of in is clopen by the construction, and F4 makes its further pullback to clopen. Coherence identifies this pullback with .
Their union is open. Apply F2 on the taboo tree to at depth , obtaining a covering with clopen inverse image of . Compose with by F4. The composite is a -covering, and its inverse image of is exactly that clopen set. This proves the progressive step; F5 proves all positive ranks, and exhaustion F1 includes every Borel payoff. Empty and whole payoffs are already in the base case. QED.
Depends on
- Borel hierarchy exhaustion and preservation by continuous pullback
- Closed and open payoffs admit unraveling covers
- Stabilizing systems of game coverings have inverse limits
- Composition and continuity of game coverings
- Transfinite induction
- The Axiom of Choice
- Minimum-rank selection and Collection
- Transfinite recursion
Used by
- Borel games are determined Theorem
Dependency tree · two levels
17 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Theorem 5 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Theorem 2.1.8, printed pp76–77 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Theorem, printed p454 (standard reference, not scraped)