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Compactly supported kernels admit commuting radon integrals
Statement
Assume AC. Let be LCH spaces and positive real-linear functionals on . For real , the partial integrals are continuous and compactly supported, and . Complexification gives the same identity for complex kernels.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: as stated, with AC.
Support is the closure of the nonzero locus. (Compact support, , and )
A finite open cover of a compact set has a nonnegative compactly supported subordinate partition under DC. (A finite compactly supported partition of unity near a compact set)
Compact sets admit nonnegative compactly supported cutoffs equal to one under DC. (LCH Urysohn cutoff)
Positive functionals are monotone. (A positive linear functional on is monotone)
AC supplies the inherited cutoff and partition choices. (The Axiom of Choice)
Proof
Let be the projections of . They are compact. If either is empty then and both partial and iterated integrals vanish. Otherwise choose in , equal to one on these projections. Write . All sections are continuous and supported in the respective compact projection.
For fixed and , continuity of at each gives rectangles where its absolute value is . Take finitely many covering and intersect their -neighbourhoods. The resulting section difference is bounded by everywhere, because it vanishes outside . Thus . This proves continuity of the partial integral (also if ); it vanishes off , so has compact support. Repeating the rectangle argument with interchanged proves the other partial-integral assertion.
Take finitely many neighbourhoods with centres covering and satisfying on . A partition subordinate to them sums to one on . Put . Since , on the convex-combination bound gives ; off both vanish. This also holds off . Each tensor factor is in the appropriate .
Linearity gives . Applying positivity twice to the error bound in either order yields . The cutoff integrals are finite real numbers, so arbitrariness of proves equality, including either zero cutoff integral. Real and imaginary parts prove the complex claim.
Sources
Pedersen, Haar integral, p.2 definitions and lemma; p.3 Theorem 1; pp.4–5 second proof and Remark 2. Local argument and conventions as displayed above.
Depends on
- Compact support, $C_c(X)$, and $C_0(X)$
- A finite compactly supported partition of unity near a compact set
- LCH Urysohn cutoff
- A positive linear functional on $C_c(X)$ is monotone
- A continuous image of a compact space is compact; a continuous real-valued map on a nonempty compact space attains a maximum and a minimum; and a continuous bijection from a compact space to a Hausdorff space is a homeomorphism
- The Axiom of Choice
Used by
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Sources
- Pedersen, Haar integral, p.2 definitions and lemma; p.3 Theorem 1; pp.4–5 second proof and Remark 2 (standard reference, not scraped)