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LemmaStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-10
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Winning measure-game strategies bound inner and outer measure

Statement

In ZF+DC, for every E⊆C and rational 0<v≤1, a winning I strategy in the rational measure game implies νin(E)≥v, and a winning II strategy implies νout(E)≤v. The two values are the closed and open envelope values from the dyadic coding lemma.

Facts & Assumptions

[F1]

The rational measure game gives legal rational pairs, positive replies and natural-number codes.

[F2]

Dyadic coding supplies coin measure and its completed Lebesgue transfer supplies under DC the probability measure, cylinder values, both monotone continuity properties and envelope definitions.

[F3]

Q is countably infinite gives fixed rational codes, and The rationals embed densely in the reals gives rational approximation between real bounds.

[F4]

The recursion theorem gives prescribed recursion on finite histories.

Given: ZF+DC, E and v as stated. No determinacy assumption is used.

Proof

1.1F1F4

Fix a winning I strategy σ. A binary word p is acceptable if its bits are legal positive replies when I follows σ; the full game history ψ(p) is uniquely reconstructed by F4. At acceptable p let f(p) be the current bound, and at unacceptable words let f(p)=0. Then f(∅)=v, 0≤f≤1, and (f(p0)+f(p1))/2≥f(p): at acceptable p the two child values equal the prescribed h_0,h_1, including zero for illegal replies, and F1 gives the inequality. At unacceptable p both children are unacceptable and all three values are zero. Summing over words of length n gives by induction ∑∣p∣=n2−nf(p)≥v.

2.1F1F2step 1.1

Let C_n be the clopen union of acceptable length-n cylinders. The cylinders are disjoint of measure 2−n by F2, so step 1.1 and f≤1 give ν(Cn)≥v. They decrease, and continuity from above F2 applies with first measure at most one. Thus closed C=⋂nCn has measure at least v. Every branch in C reconstructs a full legal σ-play and lies in E, by winningness. Therefore νin(E)≥ν(C)≥v.

3.1F1F3step 2.1

The I implication is established by step 2.1. For the second implication independently fix a winning II strategy τ and rational δ>0. At an acceptable binary history p with constructed legal τ-history ψ(p) and bound v_p, define u_e to be the infimum of h_e over legal rational pairs h whose τ response is e, with infimum of the empty set set to one. Then (u0+u1)/2≤vp. Otherwise choose rational h_e satisfying 0≤he<ue if u_e>0, and h_e=0 if u_e=0, close enough from below that their average still exceeds v_p; F3 supplies these approximants, all in [0,1]. This pair is legal. Its τ response must have h_e>0 by F1, hence u_e>0 and h_e<u_e, contradicting the defining infimum. This proves the inequality even at a zero u_e.

4.1F1F3F4step 3.1

Start with acceptable empty p, bound v and empty history. For an acceptable p of length n, declare pe acceptable precisely when u_e<1. Then the defining set for that infimum is nonempty, and contains a pair with selected value he<ue+δ2−n−1. Choose the least rational-pair code with this property and response e; append that actual pair and response to define ψ(pe). These selected responses are positive and their bounds rational. F4 performs the length recursion; excluded nodes have no acceptable descendants. This is a prescribed least-code recursion, not a selection of arbitrary real moves.

5.1

Set f(p)=v_p at acceptable nodes and f(p)=1 elsewhere. For acceptable p of length n, each included child has value at most ue+δ2−n−1 by step 4.1, and each excluded child has value 1=ue, so also satisfies that bound. Hence step 3.1 gives (f(p0)+f(p1))/2≤f(p)+δ2−n−1. At unacceptable p both child values are one, so the inequality still holds. Induction, starting at f(empty)=v, now gives

∑∣p∣=n2−nf(p)≤v+δ(1−2−n).

Let U_n be the clopen union of unacceptable length-n cylinders. The function is one there and nonnegative elsewhere, so F2's cylinder values give ν(Un)≤v+δ(1−2−n). [F2, step 3.1, step 4.1]

6.1F1F2F3step 4.1step 5.1

The sets U_n increase. Outside their open union U, every prefix is acceptable, so step 4.1 reconstructs a full legal τ-play with that bit outcome. Since τ wins, the outcome is outside E; thus E⊆U. Continuity from below F2 and step 5.1 give ν(U)≤v+δ, hence νout(E)≤v+δ. This holds for every positive rational δ. If νout(E)>v, rational density F3 gives 0<δ<νout(E)−v, a contradiction. Therefore νout(E)≤v, completing the second implication. QED.

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