Alphabeta Math
LemmaStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-09
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

Pattern closure yields an end-homogeneous sequence

Statement

Work in ZFC. Let μ be infinite, 1≤r≤μ a cardinal, d≥1 finite, θ=2μ and λ=θ+. For every F:[λ]d+1→r there are distinct xα<λ for α<μ+ and a<λ outside their range such that

F(u∪{xα})=F(u∪{a})for every u∈[{xβ:β<α}]d.

The sequence need not be increasing in the ambient ordinal λ.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: μ,r,d,θ,λ,F as above; assume AC.

[F2]

For an infinite cardinal ν, ν⋅ν=ν, and adding or multiplying a smaller nonzero cardinal does not increase it. Absorption: for cardinals κ,λ with κ infinite and λ≤κ, κ⊕λ=κ, and κ⊗λ=κ when λ≠0

[F5]

Transfinite recursion realizes a prescribed rule. Transfinite recursion

[F6]

Cantor's theorem gives μ<2μ, hence μ+≤θ. Cantor's theorem: A≺P(A)

[F7]

[C]d denotes the set of d-element subsets. Partition arrows and homogeneous sets

[A1]

Assume AC, used for cardinal counting and simultaneous injections in union bounds. The Axiom of Choice

Proof

1.1F1F2A1given

If B⊆λ has size θ, then it has at most θ subsets of size at most μ. Indeed every nonempty such subset is the range of a function μ→B: enumerate it by its cardinality, which is at most μ, and fill remaining arguments with its first element. The range map is a surjection from a subcollection of μB onto these subsets; AC selects representatives to turn this into the cardinal bound. By F1 and F2, θμ=(2μ)μ=2μ⋅μ=2μ=θ. Adding the empty subset changes no infinite bound by F2.

2.1F1F2F7step 1.1given

For such a C of size at most μ, increasing enumeration of finite subsets of the ordinal λ injects [C]d into Cd. Inductively F2 gives μd=μ for positive finite d, so ∣[C]d∣≤μ. The number of functions [C]d→r is at most rμ≤(2μ)μ=θ by F1 and step 1.1. For C=∅ or ∣C∣<d, the domain is empty and there is exactly one pattern; this also respects the bound, including r=1. For z∈λ∖C define its realized pattern pC,z(u)=F(u∪{z}). Its argument has size d+1 by z∉C.

3.1F2F5F6A1step 1.1step 2.1

Define an increasing sequence (Bξ)ξ<μ+ by F5, starting with B0=θ⊆λ. At a successor add to Bξ, for every C⊆Bξ of size at most μ and every realized pattern pC,z with z∉C, the least ordinal z′∈λ∖C realizing that pattern. This least ordinal exists by realization. At limits take unions. Steps 1.1 and 2.1 bound the number of requests by θ⋅θ=θ, so each successor has size θ. At any limit there are at most μ+≤θ preceding sets of size θ by F6; AC supplies injections for the union estimate and F2 bounds the union by θ⋅θ=θ. Each stage contains B0, giving equality. This also proves B=⋃ξ<μ+Bξ has size exactly θ. All sets stay inside λ.

4.1F3F4A1step 3.1

Every C⊆B of size at most μ is contained in one Bξ. For nonempty C, assign each member its least entry stage. There are at most μ such stages, and F3/F4 make μ+ regular, so their supremum lies below μ+. Since the sequence increases, that stage or its successor contains C. For empty C take ξ=0. The representative of each realized pattern over C was then added at ξ+1<μ+. Thus every realized pattern over C has a representative in B∖C, with exclusion of C built into the successor rule.

5.1F5F7step 3.1step 4.1∎

Since ∣B∣=θ<λ, let a be the least ordinal in λ∖B. Recursively, at α<μ+ put Cα={xβ:β<α}. Its cardinality is at most ∣α∣≤μ, and it is a subset of B if the previous choices were. The pattern of a over Cα is realized, since a∉B. By step 4.1 take xα to be the least representative of this pattern in B∖Cα. F5 defines the sequence from this rule, which always has an eligible value. It is injective by the exclusion of Cα, and a is outside its range. Equality of the chosen patterns is exactly the displayed assertion for every d-subset of previous nodes. At stages with fewer than d previous nodes the equality has no instances but the representative still exists.

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

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Sources