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External evaluation detects tensor-square operations

Statement

Assume AC. For every d,e≥0, let X_d=(RP^L)^(d+1), X_e=(RP^L)^(e+1), with L≥max(d,e)+1 and P_d=∏x_i, P_e=∏y_j. The map A^d⊗A^e→H*(X_d;F₂)⊗H*(X_e;F₂), a⊗b↦a(P_d)⊗b(P_e), is injective; under Künneth, external products jointly detect every homogeneous tensor of square operations.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: AC; the mod-two square algebra A with its admissible basis in each degree d; the space Xd=(RPL)d+1 with L≥d+1 and the class Pd=x1⋯xd+1; and the external action of A⊗A on external products u×v.

[F1]

The admissible composites of a fixed degree d have distinct leading monomials on Pd with coefficient one, their excess is at most d<d+1, and the evaluation jd(a)=a(Pd) is therefore injective on Ad (Admissible square actions have distinct leading monomials, Admissible composites present the mod-two square algebra).

[F2]

The cohomological Künneth cross product identifies the graded tensor product of the factors with H∗(Xd×Xe;F2) and preserves the factor bidegrees (Cohomological Kunneth cross product is a ring isomorphism); squares are natural and act componentwise through the Cartan formula.

Proof

technique · direct
1.1givenF1

Let A^d be the degree-d part of the square algebra. By the admissible-basis theorem, its basis consists of Sq^I with |I|=d. Set X_d=(RP^L)^{d+1}, P_d=x₁⋯x_{d+1}, with L≥d+1. Every admissible I of degree d has e(I)≤d<d+1. The leading-monomial lemma therefore applies and gives distinct largest monomials for the classes Sq^I(P_d). Those classes are linearly independent: in a nonzero finite linear combination, the largest of the distinct leading monomials cannot cancel. Thus evaluation j_d:A^d→H*(X_d;F₂), a↦a(P_d), is injective. For d=0, X_0=RP^L and P_0=x₁; the identity operation sends x₁ to the nonzero class x₁.

2.1step 1.1F2F3∎

The map jd⊗je is injective for an explicit linear-algebra reason. Extend bases of im(j_d) and im(j_e) to bases of the two target vector spaces. Projection to im(j_d), followed by j_d⁻¹, gives a left inverse r_d of j_d; similarly obtain r_e. Then r_d⊗r_e is a left inverse of j_d⊗j_e by the tensor universal property, so j_d⊗j_e is injective. The cohomological Künneth theorem identifies the target with the corresponding external-product subspace in H*(X_d×X_e;F₂). Distinct bidegrees remain distinct under this Künneth decomposition. Since every tensor is a finite sum of homogeneous bidegrees, an element of A⊗A acting as zero on every external product of classes must be zero. This proves tensor faithfulness.

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