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Finite piecewise linear level collars give global band products
Statement
Let be a compact finite polyhedron and a surjective PL function, where . Write , and . Suppose, for every , is locally PL collared in and, for every , it is locally PL collared in . Local collars here have open half-product images, including at boundary points of the fiber. Then there is a PL homeomorphism with PL inverse The construction is finite and introduces no choice hypothesis. In particular this conclusion holds when each point has a local PL height-product chart, with the appropriate one-sided chart at the end levels.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The compact finite polyhedron, surjective PL height and the two-sided or endpoint one-sided level-collar hypotheses.
A compact locally PL collared subpolyhedron has a PL collar (A compact locally collared polyhedron has a piecewise linear collar).
Finite PL maps and marked subpolyhedra admit compatible finite subdivisions, and finite convex cell complexes admit compatible finite triangulations (A PL embedded polyhedron becomes a subcomplex after subdivision, Finite convex cell complexes admit compatible triangulations).
Proof
Given: The stated data.
First consider a compact finite polyhedron with a PL function , zero set , and a PL collar of . Its image contains an open neighborhood of . The compact complement has strictly positive minimum when nonempty. Thus, for sufficiently small positive , the whole set lies in the collar image. On the collar domain let and . Both are PL, nonnegative, and vanish precisely on : injectivity of precludes any other collar point from mapping to the zero set. Choose a finite triangulation of the domain on which are linear, with the bottom a subcomplex, by [F2]. Corresponding source and image simplices of consequently have exactly the same zero vertices, all their other vertices having strictly positive and values. Choose smaller than all these finitely many positive values.
Cut each source simplex by and its corresponding image simplex by . Only simplices with at least one zero vertex occur. On a mixed simplex the truncated polytope has its original zero face, its top section at , and the truncated faces of the original simplex. Its vertices are the zero vertices and the intersections of zero-positive edges with the top section. In particular its face incidences depend only on which original vertices are zero, not on the strictly positive values at the remaining vertices. This assertion follows directly from the simplex inequalities , and the cut : the cut meets exactly the edges from zero vertices to positive vertices and no edge joining positive vertices. The corresponding truncated source and target cells therefore have identical face posets, compatible on common faces. Their zero faces are identified pointwise by .
Construct compatible PL homeomorphisms of these truncated cells, preserving as target height . On zero faces use the identity. On top faces, match the corresponding vertices and extend inductively over their faces by coning from relative interior points; all these points have height , so these maps preserve height. Any remaining face spans heights zero to and has a relative interior point at height on both sides: its section at that level meets its relative interior by convexity. Having already defined its boundary map, triangulate the boundary compatibly and cone that map between those two points. Convexity makes each extension bijective with PL inverse. Height is preserved on every cone simplex because it is affine, agrees on the boundary, and has equal values at the two cone points. Induction over faces gives a PL homeomorphism from the entire source truncation onto the target truncation , fixed on the bottom and with equal to the parameter. The target equality uses the neighborhood inclusion from step 1.1. Thus every collar satisfying the stated positivity has an exact short height-product replacement, rather than only an abstract collar parameter.
Apply this construction to each , with and . The fiber is a compact subpolyhedron by [F2], and [F1] supplies its collar in . Hence a whole short upper slab has a height-product parameter based on . For apply it to and for a lower slab. Paste the two parameters at their common identity bottom fiber, reversing the lower parameter. Thus, for each , there exists a relative open interval about in together with a PL height-product parameter , after restricting the closed short parameters slightly if necessary. At endpoints use just the one-sided parameter. This is a pointwise existence assertion; no family of parameters indexed by all is selected. All fibers are nonempty by surjectivity.
Take the set of all relative open intervals for which some base level and a parameter of the kind established in step 4.1 exist. This is an open cover of by that pointwise existence assertion. Compactness first gives finitely many such intervals. Only now choose, for each of these finitely many intervals, one witnessing base level and parameter, denoting them and . Choose a finite subdivision such that each closed interval is contained in one of these selected . For completeness, such a subdivision can be selected without an infinite sequence of choices: a finite open interval cover of a compact real interval has a positive Lebesgue number, as follows by taking, at each point, an interval contained in one cover member, then a finite subcover by intervals of half that radius and the minimum of their finitely many half-radii. Any sufficiently fine equal subdivision works. Restrict to the corresponding closed subinterval. Its inverse at height identifies that initial fiber with . Reparametrize this restricted product by that identification to obtain with .
Define inductively. On the first band put . On the th band put . These formulas agree at the joining fibers, are PL on finite compatible subdivisions, and preserve height. On every fiber the map is a composition of PL homeomorphisms; the inverse formulas likewise paste on the bands. Therefore is a PL homeomorphism onto with the claimed initial restriction. A local height-product chart supplies exactly the local collar charts used in step 4.1. Every cover, subdivision, cell extension and selection in this proof is finite; no countable or arbitrary-index choice was used.
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Sources
- C. P. Rourke and B. J. Sanderson, Introduction to Piecewise-Linear Topology (standard reference, not scraped)