How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Independent events remain independent under complements
Statement
Let be an independent family of events, and for each choose either or . Then the family is independent.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: An independent family of events and, for each , an event equal to either or .
Independence of events is the finite-intersection product identity (Independent sigma-algebras and independent events).
Probabilities respect complements and set differences: and, for , (Basic identities for a probability measure).
Proof
It is enough to prove the claim for a fixed finite subfamily . We argue by induction on the number of complemented coordinates among .
If no coordinate is complemented, the required factorization is exactly [L1].
Assume the factorization is known whenever at most coordinates are complemented, and suppose exactly are. Reindex so that , and put . Then , so [L2] gives By the induction hypothesis, both terms on the right factor: and . Therefore This is the desired factorization for the current finite family.
Steps 1.2 and 2.1 prove the inductive claim for every finite subfamily, so the family is independent.
Depends on
Used by
Nothing in the library uses this result yet.
Dependency tree · two levels
11 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Rick Durrett, Probability: Theory and Examples, 5th ed., Section 2.1 (standard reference, not scraped)
- S. R. S. Varadhan, Probability Theory, Section 3.1 (standard reference, not scraped)