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The absolute LKB inclusion obtained by deleting the last puncture is saturated
Statement
Let , , be the unordered two-point configuration in the -punctured plane, and the configurations whose two points lie in . Use the winding character and compatible lifts in both spaces, and put , , .
The inclusion induces an injective map . In the field extension of , its image satisfies Here the smaller configuration is identified with the ordinary -puncture model by a homeomorphism of its half-plane with the plane. Equivalently, an integral absolute class lying in the fraction-field span of classes supported in this smaller configuration already comes from its integral absolute homology. This is the support implication used in the integral LKB basis induction.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: , the real punctures, the inclusion , and compatible lifts for the winding covers.
An equivariant two-dimensional model for the LKB configuration space supplies the collapsed two-dimensional absolute model and its attaching words. Compatibility with the half-plane inclusion is established below.
The absolute LKB cellular boundary and fraction-field rank identifies absolute second homology with the integral cellular kernel, and identifies its injective field extension with the field kernel.
Proof
Construct compatible models directly. For ordered configurations write , with , and use the real arrangement , , . A complexified line excludes exactly when its affine equation vanishes at and its linear part vanishes at . Choose with all punctures in and an increasing map fixing an interval containing them. Applying to both real coordinates preserves their order and all equalities with punctures, and leaves imaginary coordinates unchanged. It gives a homotopy equivalence to the subspace with real part in , and restricts to the smaller configuration, whose compressed real domain is . Cellulate the closed square by the arrangement and its boundary, choose the barycentres of its faces, and barycentrically subdivide. For every face not contained in the square boundary let be its open vertex star intersected with . These stars cover ; intersections occur exactly for face chains and contract by barycentric interpolation to the centroid of the specified vertices. A point in lies in a cofacet of , so every arrangement line through that point contains . Call retained when its relative interior lies in . Its star lies entirely in : every coface stays on the left side of each last-puncture line, and the positive weight at makes both inequalities strict. The retained stars cover , and their intersection contractions stay there.
For each and each open chamber of the linear arrangement parallel to the lines containing , put . The membership criterion of step 1.1 shows these are open sets of the ordered configuration space. They cover it: at a real point in facet , its imaginary part avoids precisely that local arrangement. Each nonempty intersection has a contractible star-intersection factor and a convex imaginary factor. Its labels form a face chain of length at most three. For retained , neither last-puncture line contains , so the local imaginary arrangement is exactly the smaller one. The retained therefore give a good cover of the smaller space by the same sets as in the larger cover. Their nerve is the subcomplex on the retained labels.
Here the good-cover comparison can be made compatible without choosing compatible inverse homotopies. For a finite open cover of a metric space , form the thick nerve from over its nonempty intersections, with the face identifications. Projection to is a homotopy equivalence: normalize , where is the maximum of these distances, to obtain a partition with supports locally contained in the covering sets; its graph is a section, and straight interpolation of simplex coordinates gives the inverse homotopy. Projection to the ordinary nerve is also a homotopy equivalence: filter by simplex dimension and compare the attachments with the simplex attachments. The projections on these products are homotopy equivalences since is contractible; collars of simplex boundaries give cofibrations, so the pushout comparison, equivalently its double-mapping-cylinder comparison, preserves homotopy equivalences at each finite stage. Both projection squares commute with inclusion for step 2.1's covers. Coordinate interchange preserves these covers. No nerve simplex is setwise fixed: it has at most one label of each face dimension, a fixed diagonal facet has its local chambers exchanged, and a two-dimensional facet lies on one side of the diagonal. Thus choose the finite contraction and extension data orbit by orbit; the comparisons are equivariant and descend to the unordered quotients. This identifies the actual half-plane inclusion with the nerve-subcomplex inclusion on absolute homology.
Group the face-chain triangles of the nerves into cells as follows: there is one vertex for each real chamber, two directed edges across each real edge, and one disk for each arrangement vertex and incident chamber. Around such a vertex the face-chain triangles with a fixed imaginary sector form a disk; its boundary follows the two directed paths from that chamber to its opposite chamber around the vertex. This describes the grouping directly and respects retained labels. In the unordered quotient label chamber vertices by the two puncture intervals, . The edges are loops at , edges and , and reversed barred edges. The retained vertices have , the retained double-intersection disks have , and the retained triple-intersection disks have .
The uncollapsed words can be checked locally, using the four sectors at a double intersection and six at a triple intersection. At the intersection indexed by , the four pairs of paths give , , , and . At the triple intersection indexed by , they give , , and . In each word the two paths run along opposite sides of the intersection, as prescribed in step 4.1. These formulas in particular show that every retained disk has only retained boundary edges.
The barred edges and fourth double-intersection disks form a contractible staircase grid on the : its planar realization has interval horizontal sections ending at the same left boundary, so move horizontally to that boundary and then vertically to its bottom vertex. For one puncture it is a tree and the same contraction applies. The retained grid is the smaller grid. Collapsing each grid is a homotopy equivalence, since a CW-subcomplex contraction extends to the whole complex and descends to the quotient homotopies. The inclusion sends the smaller grid into the larger, so the quotient square commutes. The second and third double-intersection disks now have boundaries and . Collapse every strip of such bigons to one edge, identifying each row with and each column with . Each strip is a finite sequence of disks identifying neighbouring edges; eliminating one disk and one neighbouring edge at a time, while transferring other attaching maps along that edge identification, gives a homotopy equivalence. The quotient maps send corresponding retained strips to the same labelled edges and hence commute with inclusion. The remaining attaching words are exactly those of [F1]. The resulting cellular inclusion sends and with indices at most to the same labelled cells, and similarly sends for and for .
Winding about is zero on the left half-plane. The meridian loops have deck displacement , the exchange loops have displacement , and the contracted grid has trivial displacement. Thus the commuting comparisons lift with the given compatible basepoint lifts and the same deck character. Step 3.1 and the commuting quotient squares show that the cellular inclusion represents the geometric inclusion in absolute covering homology; separate homotopy equivalences alone would not suffice. An orientation-preserving homeomorphism from the half-plane to the plane identifies the smaller cover with its ordinary -puncture model, preserving puncture and mutual winding. By [F2], the smaller cellular differential is the restriction of the larger one.
Write the larger degree-two free module as , using exactly the retained cells of step 6.1 for the first summand. Its integral kernel restricts on to the smaller integral kernel, since the differential formulas agree and the smaller degree-one module is a submodule of the larger. There are no degree-three boundaries in either model. Hence the map on absolute is the inclusion of these kernels and is injective.
Let lie in the field span of . In cellular coordinates its coordinates are zero over , since every smaller class has zero such coordinates. They were integral coordinates in the domain , so they are already zero over . The remaining coordinates form an integral vector in with zero boundary. Step 8.1 says it is an element of . The opposite inclusion in the displayed equality is immediate. This proves saturation without assuming integral freeness or equating a relative basis with an absolute basis; for the smaller kernel is zero by [F2].
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Sources
- Paoluzzi and Paris, A note on the Lawrence–Krammer–Bigelow representation, sections 2–3 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Bigelow, The Lawrence-Krammer representation, proof of Lemma 4.4 (standard reference, not scraped)