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Uniform convergence of empirical risk-set fractions
Statement
For , let be IID measurable -valued observed times with law . For deterministic , define Then, for each group,
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A fixed finite horizon, an IID sequence of real observed times in each group, and the empirical threshold class with .
Identical distribution and IID families: within each group the observations have one common law and the full family is mutually independent.
Random elements and real random variables: each observed time is a measurable real-valued map, so every threshold indicator is a random variable.
Glivenko–Cantelli classes: a nonempty pointwise-measurable class with an integrable envelope is -Glivenko--Cantelli when its uniform empirical deviation tends to zero in probability.
Covering, packing, bracketing numbers, and metric entropy: an bracket has measurable endpoints , contains every function in its class between those endpoints, and has width .
Glivenko–Cantelli theorem by bracketing entropy: for IID observations, a nonempty pointwise-measurable function class with an integrable envelope and finite bracketing number at every positive scale has uniform empirical deviation tending to zero in probability. The theorem's separate almost-sure branch assumes Countable Choice; that branch is not used here.
Proof
Each is measurable. The subclass with rational thresholds in is countable and pointwise dense: for choose rationals with , while for use the member itself. If , every ; if , then eventually and . Hence for every . The envelope is the constant function , which is measurable and has -integral .
Put . For , the indicators are nested and . The function is nonincreasing with range in . Fix and set . Partition into finitely many intervals of length at most and group thresholds whose -values lie in the same interval. Each threshold class in one group is nested; its pointwise infimum and supremum are measurable threshold indicators (possibly their one-sided endpoint limits), and they bracket the group. The width is the supremum of over thresholds in that group, at most , by the displayed identity. Thus at most brackets cover , so . This also handles atoms: a jump in larger than a bin width places the two threshold sides in different bins, while a smaller jump contributes at most the bin's total -width.
Steps 1.1 and 1.2 verify pointwise measurability, the integrable envelope, and every finite-bracketing hypothesis in [F6]. Its convergence-in-probability conclusion gives . Since and by their definitions, this is the asserted uniform risk-set convergence. No Countable Choice or strong Glivenko--Cantelli conclusion is used.
Depends on
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
22 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Lu Tian, STAT331 Unit 13: Large Sample Theory for 2-Sample Tests, PDF pp. 1-12 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Michal Kulich, NMST531 Censored Data Analysis: Extended Course Notes, §5.4, PDF pp. 61-62 (standard reference, not scraped)