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Multiplicative filtered cochains induce products on every spectral-sequence page

Statement

Let R be a commutative unital ring and let (K∗,d) be an associative unital differential graded R-algebra: d has degree 1 and d(xy)=(dx)y+(−1)∣x∣x(dy) for homogeneous x. Suppose K has a decreasing filtration by subcomplexes, indexed by all integers, such that FaK⋅FcK⊆Fa+cK,1∈F0K. Then every page of its cohomological spectral sequence has natural products Era,b⊗RErc,e⟶Era+c,b+e making it a unital associative bigraded algebra, and dr(xy)=(drx)y+(−1)a+bx(dry)(x∈Era,b). The specified comparison Er+1≅H(Er,dr) is an isomorphism of bigraded algebras. If K is graded-commutative, every page is graded-commutative with the total-degree sign.

If the filtration is degreewise finite, so that the filtered-complex construction converges to the decreasing image filtration FaHn(K)=im⁡(Hn(FaK)→Hn(K)), then the stable product is exactly the associated-graded abutment product: E∞a,b⊗E∞c,e⟶E∞a+c,b+e corresponds to multiplication FaHa+bFa+1Ha+b⊗FcHc+eFc+1Hc+e⟶Fa+cHa+b+c+eFa+c+1Ha+b+c+e. All assertions are choice-free.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: the DGA, its multiplicative decreasing filtration, homogeneous inputs, and the displayed Leibniz rule.

[F1]

R cycles and r boundaries of an increasingly filtered complex and R page of the spectral sequence of a filtered complex give the exact Ar, Zr, Br, and page quotients. The filtered differential induces d r on the r page identifies dr with the original differential on representatives.

[F2]

Spectral sequence subquotient and local lifting calculus permits numerator and denominator containments to be checked after local lifts and descends the resulting bilinear maps uniquely to quotients.

[F3]

The next page is the homology of the current page gives the specified natural comparison and its lower-filtration correction of a page-cycle representative.

[F4]

The cohomological filtered complex construction fixes the cohomological reindexing and gives the finite-filtration stable-page identification with the decreasing image filtration.

Proof

technique · explicit cycle-and-boundary representatives
1.1F1F4

Reindex by Cn=K−n and FpCn=F−pK−n as in [F4]. Multiplication sends FpCn⊗FsCm into Fp+sCn+m, and its Leibniz sign is (−1)n. Fix r≥1, x∈Ap,nr, and y∈As,mr. Then dx∈Fp−rCn−1 and dy∈Fs−rCm−1, so d(xy)=(dx)y+(−1)nx(dy)∈Fp+s−rCn+m−1. Thus xy∈Ap+s,n+mr. For r=0, multiplication sends Fp/Fp−1 times Fs/Fs−1 to Fp+s/Fp+s−1, since either lower-filtration change lowers the product filtration by one.

2.1F1Step 1.1

Let a∈Ap−1,nr−1. Then ay∈Fp+s−1 and d(ay)=(da)y+(−1)na(dy)∈Fp+s−r, so ay∈Ap+s−1,n+mr−1, the first target denominator summand. The same calculation with the factors reversed puts xb in that summand whenever b∈As−1,mr−1.

2.2F1Step 1.1

Let u∈Ap+r−1,n+1r−1. The Leibniz formula gives (du)y=d(uy)+(−1)nu(dy). Here uy∈Ap+s+r−1,n+m+1r−1: its differential lies in Fp+s because (du)y lies there and u(dy) lies in Fp+s−1. Also u(dy)∈Ap+s−1,n+mr−1, since it lies in Fp+s−1 and its differential, up to sign, is (du)(dy)∈Fp+s−r. Thus (du)y belongs to the sum of the two target Br summands. Symmetrically, for v∈As+r−1,m+1r−1, x(dv)=(−1)nd(xv)−(−1)n(dx)v, with xv∈Ap+s+r−1,n+m+1r−1 and (dx)v∈Ap+s−1,n+mr−1. Hence a change by either differential-boundary summand also changes the product by a target r-boundary.

3.1F1F2Step 1.1Step 2.1Step 2.2

Steps 2.1 and 2.2 show separately that multiplication kills the source denominator in either variable after passage to the target quotient. Bilinearity handles simultaneous changes. Quotient descent in [F2] therefore gives a unique page product for every r≥1; the r=0 calculation in Step 1.1 gives the associated-graded product. Associativity and the unit descend from K. If xy=(−1)∣x∣∣y∣yx in K, the same representative equality gives graded commutativity on every page. A filtration-preserving DGA map sends xy to the product of the two image representatives and preserves every Ar and Br; uniqueness in [F2] therefore makes these page products natural for filtered DGA maps.

4.1F1F4Step 3.1

By [F1], the page differential is induced by d. Therefore the calculation of Step 1.1 descends verbatim: dr([x][y])=[d(xy)]=[dx][y]+(−1)n[x][dy]. Under p=−a, q=−b, the parity of n=p+q=−(a+b) is the parity of a+b, and the target bidegrees translate to (a+r,b−r+1) and (a+c,b+e). This is the asserted cohomological derivation rule, including r=0.

4.2F1F4Step 2.1Step 2.2Step 3.1

Assume the filtration is degreewise finite and fix (p,n). For r beyond both relevant filtration endpoints, [F1] reduces the stable numerator to Zn(FpC)={x∈FpCn:dx=0} and its denominator to Zn(Fp−1C)+{dz:z∈Cn+1, dz∈FpCn}. Sending an actual cycle to its class in Hn(C) identifies this quotient, in both directions, with FpHn(C)/Fp−1Hn(C), which is the stable identification in [F4]. If x and y are actual filtered cycles, their product is the actual cycle xy, lies in Fp+s, and represents both their page product from Step 3.1 and the product of their image-filtration classes. Lower-filtered cycles and actual boundaries give exactly the lower associated-graded ambiguity by Steps 2.1 and 2.2. Translating back to the decreasing filtration proves the displayed E∞ product is precisely the associated-graded abutment product.

5.1F3Step 1.1Step 2.1Step 3.1Step 4.1

The comparison in [F3] is multiplicative. For r=0, a d0-cycle represented by x∈FpCn already lies in Ap,n1, and the comparison sends it to the same representative; hence it sends the product class to xy. For r≥1, if page-cycle representatives x,y require the lower-filtration corrections x−a∈Ap,nr+1 and y−b∈As,mr+1 from [F3], Step 1.1 puts their product in Ap+s,n+mr+1. Moreover (x−a)(y−b)−xy=−ay−xb+ab∈Fp+s−1Cn+m, so it represents the same Er product class. It is therefore a permitted correction for xy, and the representative rule in [F3] sends the product of the two homology classes to the product of their images. Independence follows from [F3]'s kernel calculation, not from a chosen correction. Thus Er+1≅H(Er,dr) is an algebra isomorphism.

6.1F1F2F3F4Step 1.1Step 2.1Step 2.2Step 3.1Step 4.1Step 5.1Step 4.2∎

If K=0, the coefficient ring is zero, or either input is zero, every map is the unique zero map. The unit calculation includes one factor equal to 1, and r=0 and r=1 are covered separately in Steps 1.1 and 5.1. Repeated filtration terms, a zero differential, and representatives already in lower filtration satisfy the same containments. Step 2.2 checks both differential-boundary variables and Step 4.2 checks both finite filtration endpoints and both directions of the stable quotient identification. Every correction and calculation concerns finitely many supplied elements, so no choice principle is used. There is no iff assertion.

Remarks

The filtration condition FaK⋅FcK⊆Fa+cK gives the page product μr:Era,b⊗RErc,e→Era+c,b+e by Steps 1.1–3.1. Its compatibility with the next page is illustrated below. Write Hra,b=H(Er,dr)a,b, and let αr:Hra,b→Er+1a,b be the specified comparison of [F3].

Ha;br¬RHc;erHa+c;b+erEa;br+1¬REc;er+1Ea+c;b+er+1¹Hr®r¬®r®r¹r+1

Here μHr is induced by μr on dr-cycles modulo dr-boundaries. The differential has bidegree (r,1−r) and satisfies dr(xy)=(drx)y+(−1)a+bx(dry) for x∈Era,b: the sign uses total degree, not filtration degree. Step 4.1 therefore makes the top product well defined, and Step 5.1 proves that the square commutes. The vertical maps apply to homology classes of page cycles; they do not specify a transition on arbitrary elements of Er.

Under the degreewise-finite filtration hypothesis, Step 4.2 also identifies the stable product with the product on gr⁡FH∗(K), where FaHn(K)=im⁡(Hn(FaK)→Hn(K)). This abutment identification uses that additional hypothesis; the square holds for every r≥0 without it. The rigorous proof above is independent of the illustration.

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