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Cohomological Serre spectral sequence

Statement

Assume the Axiom of Choice. Let p:EB be a Serre fibration over a path-connected CW complex and let R be a commutative unital ring. The decreasing skeletal filtration gives a natural first-quadrant cohomological spectral sequence E2a,bHa(B;Hb(p;R)),dr:Era,bEra+r,br+1, strongly converging to Ha+b(E;R) with the finite image filtration FaHn(E;R)=im(Hn(E,Ea1;R)Hn(E;R)),Hn=F0HnFn+1Hn=0. Its stable terms have the specified natural identifications Ea,naFaHn(E;R)/Fa+1Hn(E;R).

For a square of fibrations over a cellular map f:BB with total map u:EE, naturality is contravariant: u gives page maps from the sequence for p to that for p, and on E2 it is the local-coefficient map for f and the coefficient morphism fHb(p;R)Hb(p;R) induced by the strict-fiber maps.

The raw cochain filtration is not asserted to be degreewise finite. Strong convergence follows from the finite-quotient comparison below. AC is used in the cohomological local-system/cellular comparison and in the cohomological universal coefficient argument; it is not hidden.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: AC, the Serre fibration, the decreasing skeletal cochain filtration, and the cohomological fiber local system with reversed-path transport.

[A1]

The Axiom of Choice is assumed throughout.

[F1]

The cohomological filtered complex construction constructs all cohomological pages, their bidegrees, first-page relative groups, and functorial maps. Its degreewise-finite abutment clause will be applied only to an explicitly finite quotient filtration.

[F2]

Relative homology over one base cell is shifted fiber homology supplies the finite disk, hemisphere, excision, and fiber-transport geometry over each base cell. Long exact sequence of a pair in singular cohomology and Excision for singular cohomology give the reversed cohomological connectors and excision maps. Fiber homology local system of a Serre fibration fixes reversed-path cohomology transport, and Cellular cochains compute cohomology with local coefficients computes its cellular cochain complex under AC.

[F3]

Serre filtration over the base skeleta identifies FaC(E;R) with the relative cochains vanishing on Ea1. Relative singular cochain complex identifies these with C(E,Ea1;R).

[F4]
[F5]

Under [A1], The universal coefficient theorem for cohomology over a PID converts vanishing of two adjacent relative integral homology groups into relative cohomology vanishing with coefficient group (R,+). The long exact sequence in cohomology compares a cochain complex with a quotient by an acyclic range. The finite-window clause of R page of the spectral sequence of a filtered complex compares the required pages, and Strong convergence of a spectral sequence records the finite-filtration convergence conditions.

[F6]

Functoriality with coefficient morphisms gives the contravariant cohomology map for the reversed coefficient morphism.

Proof

technique · cohomological cell connectors followed by finite-quotient convergence
1.1

Apply [F1] to K=C(E;R) with the decreasing filtration [F3]. It gives E1a,b=Ha+b(Ea,Ea1;R) and differentials of bidegree (r,1r). No convergence clause of [F1] is invoked yet.

F1F3
1.2

We first prove the relative vanishing needed for convergence. Let m0, 0km, and let c be a finite relative integral k-cycle for (E,Em). Realize its finitely many simplices and faces by [F4] on a finite CW complex K of dimension at most k; the support of c generates a subcomplex LK mapping into Em. Apply finite cellular approximation to pvL:LBm. Extend that base homotopy over K by the cofibration clause in [F4] and lift the extension starting at v:KE. The endpoint is cellular on L. Now apply relative cellular approximation to (K,L)(B,Bm) rel L and lift it rel L. The final projection is cellular, so its image lies in BkBm, while the combined homotopy of L stays in Bm. The prism identity makes c equal, modulo a boundary and a chain in Em, to a chain entirely in Em. Thus Hk(E,Em;Z)=0(0km). Every construction is finite and this step itself uses no choice.

F4
2.1

Fix an oriented a-cell. Use the same finite lifted disk and nested hemispheres as [F2], but apply cohomology contravariantly. Excision and the pair sequences in [F2] give, by a successive positive connecting maps, Hb(Fxe;R)Ha+b(p1(e),p1(e);R). For a=0 this is the identity. At each suspension step the two endpoint restrictions have diagonal image; its cokernel identifies the two endpoint coordinate maps with opposite signs, fixing the orientation sign. To separate all cells, use [F2]'s one uniform radial collar, enlarge Ea1 to the inverse image of the outer collar, and excise a smaller closed collar. The remaining pair is the disjoint union of the pulled-back concentric cell pairs. Every singular simplex in this union lies in one component, so its relative integer chain complex is the direct sum of the component complexes; [F3] therefore identifies its relative cochain complex with their product. Kernels are coordinatewise, and [A1] lets one choose a primitive in every nonempty coordinate primitive set, so the image of the product coboundary is the product of its images. Cohomology consequently splits as the product, giving E1a,bCcella(B;Hb(p;R)). The reversed base path in the coefficient system is exactly the contravariant fiber map used by these connectors.

A1F2F3Step 1.1
2.2

By [F3], Fm+1K=C(E,Em;R). Its integral relative chain groups are free on the singular simplices not lying in Em. Under [A1], the UCT in [F5] has outer terms ExtZ1(Hk1(E,Em;Z),R),HomZ(Hk(E,Em;Z),R). Both vanish for km by Step 1.2, so Hk(Fm+1K)=Hk(E,Em;R)=0(km). This is the only convergence step that uses UCT and it explicitly carries [A1].

A1F3F5Step 1.2
3.1

Naturality of the cohomological pair connectors and excision maps reduces d1 to the attaching incidences. The reflected interval calculation in Step 2.1 gives the negative incidence sign, and contravariance reverses the fiber path, so the resulting matrix is precisely the cellular local-coefficient coboundary. The cellular comparison in [F2] therefore gives E2a,bHa(B;Hb(p;R)). Since E1 is first quadrant, every later page is first quadrant.

A1F1F2Step 2.1
3.2

Fix total degree n0 and set N=2n+3. Step 2.2 gives Hn(FNK)=Hn+1(FNK)=0. Apply the long exact sequence in [F5] to 0FNKKK/FNK0 and also to 0FNKFaKFaK/FNK0 for 0an+1. It follows that Hn(K)Hn(K/FNK) is an isomorphism identifying every image-filtration term FaHn. The quotient filtration has finite endpoints F0=K/FNK and FN=0, so [F1] gives its natural finite abutment.

F1F5Step 2.2
4.1

For a square over a cellular f, one has u(Ea)Ea. Precomposition therefore sends a cochain vanishing on Ea1 to one vanishing on Ea1, so u is a filtered cochain map. Functoriality in [F1] gives the contravariant maps on all pages. The cellwise constructions in Steps 2.1–3.1 are natural, and [F6] identifies the E2 map with f for the coefficient morphism fHb(p;R)Hb(p;R).

F1F6Step 2.1Step 3.1
4.2

At a position (a,b) with a+b=n, both incident cohomological differentials vanish once r>max(a,b+1): the incoming source then has negative first coordinate, and the outgoing target has negative second coordinate. Put s=max(a,b+1)+1n+2. Under the reindexing in [F1], quotienting by FNK removes a chain-filtration piece below the finite window used through page s, since N=2n+3a+s+1. The finite-window clause of [F5] therefore identifies the original and quotient pages through their stationary page at (a,b). The quotient's finite abutment from Step 3.2 consequently gives the specified natural identification Ea,bFaHn(E;R)/Fa+1Hn(E;R).

F1F5Step 3.1Step 3.2
5.1

The definition gives F0K=K, hence F0Hn=Hn. Taking m=n and k=n in Step 2.2 gives Hn(Fn+1K)=0, hence Fn+1Hn=0. Thus the target filtration has finite endpoints and is exhaustive, separated, and complete by [F5]. Step 4.2 proves two-sided regularity and the actual associated-graded identifications, so all strong-convergence conditions hold. The quotient comparisons and actual cocycle maps are functorial, so these identifications are compatible with Step 4.1.

F3F5Step 4.1Step 2.2Step 4.2
6.1

If B=, then E= and all groups vanish. Empty fibers give zero stalks, and the zero ring gives zero cochains. The cases a=0, b=0, n=0, a single cell, constant or degenerate simplices, repeated filtration terms, and the first/last target pieces occur in Steps 1.1–5.1. Step 4.2 checks both incident differential bounds, and Step 5.1 checks both finite endpoints and both associated-graded directions. All product-of-images and UCT uses cite [A1]; finite cellular deformations do not. The theorem has no iff assertion.

A1F1F2F3F4F5F6Step 1.1Step 1.2Step 2.1Step 2.2Step 3.1Step 3.2Step 4.1Step 4.2Step 5.1

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