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The singular chain homotopy formula

Statement

Let H:X×IY be a homotopy from f to g. Then the prism operator PH of The prism operator of a homotopy satisfies g#f#=PH+PH as homomorphisms Cn(X;G)Cn(Y;G) for every n1 and every abelian group G. In degree 0, the same identity reduces to g#,0f#,0=PH:C0(X;G)C0(Y;G).

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A homotopy H:X×IY from f to g, an abelian group G, and an integer n0.

[L1]

The prism operator is PH(σ)=i=0n(1)iH(σ×idI)λi on a singular n-simplex σ (The prism operator of a homotopy).

[L2]

The prism chain Πn=(1)iλi has boundary Πn=ι1ι0j=0n(1)j(δj×idI)#Πn1 (The prism triangulation has the stated oriented boundary).

[L3]

The induced singular map of a continuous map is obtained by postcomposition on singular simplices (The induced singular chain map of a continuous map).

[L4]

The singular boundary is the alternating sum of affine face restrictions (The singular boundary operator).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1

If n=0 and σ:Δ0X is a singular 0-simplex, then [L2] gives Π0=ι1ι0. Composing with H(σ×idI) and using [L1] and [L3] yields PH(σ)=g#(σ)f#(σ).

L1L2L3given
1.2

Assume n1 and let σ:ΔnX be a singular n-simplex. Compose the boundary formula [L2] with the continuous map H(σ×idI):Δn×IY. By [L1] and [L3], the image of Πn is PH(σ), the image of ι1 is g#(σ), and the image of ι0 is f#(σ).

L1L2L3given
2.1

Again using [L1], [L3], and [L4], the image of the side-prism term j=0n(1)j(δj×idI)#Πn1 under H(σ×idI) is exactly PH(σ). Therefore step 1.2 becomes PH(σ)=g#(σ)f#(σ)PH(σ), or equivalently g#(σ)f#(σ)=PH(σ)+PH(σ).

L1L3L4step 1.2algebra
3.1

Singular simplices generate Cn(X;Z), and the coefficient-G version is obtained by tensor extension, so step 2.1 holds on all chains for every n1, while step 1.1 handles degree 0. Hence the stated identities hold in all degrees.

step 1.1step 2.1

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

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Sources