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  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

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A fibration has path lifting and homotopy lifting relative to a subspace

Statement

Both kinds of fibration lift every path with any prescribed initial point. For a Serre fibration, every homotopy on a CW complex X lifts with a prescribed compatible lift on X×{0}A×I, where A is a CW subcomplex. This unrestricted CW clause assumes AC; finite CW pairs require no AC. Thus disk tests and CW tests are equivalent under AC. A Hurewicz fibration in CGWH has the same relative property for every closed cofibration pair (X,A). This clause is choice-free. No assertion is made for arbitrary subspaces.

Facts & Assumptions

[F1]

HLP specifies the initial map and the projection of the entire lift. Hurewicz and serre fibrations

[F2]

A closed cofibration has continuous NDR data u:XI, h:X×IX with u1(0)=A, h0=id, h(a,s)=a, and h(x,1)A if u(x)<1; these are derived in proof steps 1.2–2.1 of the supplier. Pushouts and products preserve the cofibrations used here

[F4]

Transposition against I preserves continuity, also with CG conventions. Interval exponential law and quotient homotopies

[F5]

CW spaces have the weak topology determined by characteristic disks. CW complex with closure finiteness and weak topology

[F6]

A subcomplex contains all boundaries of its cells. Skeleta, CW subcomplexes, and relative CW complexes

[F7]

AC selects lifts in arbitrary sets of nonempty lifting problems. The Axiom of Choice

Proof

Given: A map p:EB of the indicated type and compatible continuous data f:WE, g:X×IB, where W=X×{0}A×I and pf=gW.

1.1

Taking X=D0 in F1 gives path lifting, including constant paths and any initial point that exists. If X is empty the unique empty lift suffices. This does not assert that a lift of a constant path is constant.

F1
1.2

Disk HLP also solves a disk-cylinder problem prescribed on its bottom and sides. Here is the geometric change of domain: Dn×{0}Sn1×I is a boundary disk parametrized by x(2x,0) for x1/2 and x(x/x,2x1) for 1/2x1. This is a homeomorphism from Dn, with boundary the top rim. The complementary top disk has the same boundary parametrization. Parametrize the two hemispheres of a sphere by these two disks; the resulting boundary homeomorphism extends radially from an interior point to a homeomorphism of balls. Applying this construction both to the cylinder with its bottom face and to the cylinder with its bottom-and-sides gives a homeomorphism of these pairs. Thus F1 transfers to the required partial domain. For n=0 there are no sides and no change is needed.

F1construct
1.3

For the Hurewicz clause use F2 and put Y=X×I. For u(x)>0 define Ts(x,t)=(h(x,smin(t/u(x),1)), tsmin(t,u(x))), and for u(x)=0 set Ts(x,t)=(x,t). Away from u=0 these are continuous formulas. At aA, F3 and h(a,v)=a give, for any neighbourhood O of a, a neighbourhood V with h(V×I)O; the second coordinate changes by at most u(x). Hence continuity holds across u=0, even at t=0. We have T0=id and TsW=id. At s=1, either tu(x) and the height is zero, or t>u(x), whence u(x)<1 and h(x,1)A. Thus r=T1:YW is a retraction.

F2F3
2.1

Induct over dimensions of the cells of X outside A. On each characteristic disk the already prescribed data are exactly bottom-and-sides data; step 1.2 extends them. They agree on attaching boundaries, so descend to each skeleton. AC in F7 selects the extensions for unrestricted cell families, including the successive dimensions; a finite CW pair requires only finitely many choices. Continuity on all of X×I follows without assuming an ordinary infinite product/colimit interchange: transpose the constructed function to XC0(I,E). Its restriction to every characteristic disk is continuous by F4; F5 makes the transpose continuous, and F4 uncurries it. The initial and subcomplex values are unchanged at every stage. Taking A= proves the CW-test implication; conversely every disk is a CW complex.

F4F5F6F7step 1.2
2.2

Put w(x,t)=min(u(x),t), whose zero set is W, and define K:Y×IY by K(y,v)=T1min(v/w(y),1)(y) when w(y)>0, and K(y,v)=y on W. F3 applied to the fixed tracks Ts(z)=z proves continuity at w=0; elsewhere it is composition of continuous maps. In particular K(y,0)=r(y), K(y,w(y))=y, and K(z,v)=z for zW.

F3step 1.3
3.1

Apply ordinary HLP in the chosen category once, with parameter Y, initial map fr, and base homotopy gK. It supplies L with L(y,0)=f(r(y)) and pL(y,v)=gK(y,v). Then (y)=L(y,w(y)) is continuous, p=g, and (z)=L(z,0)=f(z) for zW. This proves the full prescribed relative lift. When A=X, w=0 and the construction returns f; when A= it still applies and ordinary HLP already suffices. The only selections here are one NDR witness and one HLP witness, not an indexed family, so no AC is used. In particular no regular lifting function is assumed.

F1step 1.3step 2.2

Depends on

Used by

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Sources