Alphabeta Math
LemmaStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-6.1-sol)
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  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
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Products of smooth connected affine normal subgroups are in the same class

Statement

Assume the Axiom of Choice. Let G be a separated finite-type k-group scheme, and N1,N2 smooth connected affine closed normal subgroups. The fppf product subgroup N1N2⊂G, consisting of points which locally on an fppf cover are products of points of N1 and N2, is a smooth connected affine closed normal subgroup containing both.

Facts & Assumptions

[F1]

A group image is the exact scheme kernel quotient, is closed, and inherits affineness, smoothness and connectedness from its source. (Group images are exact kernel quotients and preserve affine smooth connected properties)

[F2]

Smooth connected groups are geometrically integral. (Connected finite-type groups are geometrically connected)

Proof

Given: AC, G,N1,N2 as in the statement.

1.1F1F2givenconstructalgebra

Conjugation of N2 on the normal subgroup N1 defines a semidirect product with underlying scheme N1×N2 and multiplication (n1,n2)(m1,m2)=(n1(n2m1n2−1),n2m2). Multiplication and inverse are regular by the subgroup and group identities. The morphism to G sending (n1,n2) to n1n2 is a homomorphism. Its source is affine and smooth by products, and connected by [F2]. Thus [F1] gives a closed smooth connected affine image P. Since the exact image projection is fppf onto, the points of P are precisely fppf local products, so P=N1N2. The identity in either factor gives inclusion of both subgroups.

2.1F1step 1.1algebra∎

Any point of G conjugates each Ni into itself after every base change. Conjugating a local product therefore gives another local product. Since membership in a closed subgroup is detected after a faithful flat cover by its ideal equations, P is normal scheme theoretically. This proves every asserted property. AC is inherited from [F1]–[F2].

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Sources