Alphabeta Math
LemmaStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-6.1-sol)
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

A faithful rational action with a fixed point forces affineness

Statement

Assume the Axiom of Choice. Let k be algebraically closed, G a smooth algebraic group, and X an integral separated k-variety. Suppose G acts rationally and scheme-faithfully on X: for every test scheme, only the identity group point induces the identity birational transformation after base change. If some x∈X(k) satisfies g⋅x=x on a dense open subset of G where the total action is defined, then G is affine. In particular this holds for the faithful rational action induced by left translation of a subgroup on a variety birational to its ambient group.

Facts & Assumptions

[F1]

If two successive rational action values are defined, their composition is defined and agrees with the product action. (Composition at points in the domain of a rational group action)

[F2]

A scheme-faithful rational action whose regular domain contains G×{x} and whose restriction there is the constant x morphism has a faithful finite-dimensional jet representation, which realizes G as a closed subgroup of a general linear group. (A scheme-faithful action fixing a point has a faithful finite jet representation)

[F3]

Nonempty locally closed subsets of finite-type schemes over an algebraically closed field have closed rational points. (Over an algebraically closed field, every maximal ideal is an evaluation ideal)

Proof

Given: AC, k, G, X, a scheme-faithful rational action, and x fixed on the stated dense open.

1.1F1F3givenchoose

First suppose G connected. Replace the dense fixed open V by W=V∩V−1. For any g∈G(k), the dense opens W and gW−1 intersect; by [F3] choose a in their intersection and write g=ab with a,b∈W. Both b⋅x=x and a⋅(b⋅x)=x are defined, so [F1] implies that the total action is defined at (g,x) and has value x. Its regular domain is open. Its closed complement cannot meet G×{x}, because any nonempty such intersection would contain a closed point by [F3]. Thus the domain contains all of G×{x}. Since G is smooth and hence reduced, its restriction to this subscheme equals the constant morphism x: on affine target charts their coordinate differences vanish on all closed points, hence vanish in the reduced coordinate ring.

2.1F2F3step 1.1construct∎

Apply [F2] to obtain a closed immersion G↪GL⁡N for some finite N. General linear groups are affine, and a closed subscheme of an affine scheme is affine, so G is affine. For arbitrary smooth G, its identity component is open and closed: smooth local rings are domains, so irreducible components are disjoint, and translations identify the connected components. The rational action restricted to the identity component is scheme-faithful and its dense fixed open is nonempty, so the preceding argument makes that component affine. There are finitely many components and each is a translate of it by a rational point, available by [F3]. Their disjoint union is affine, the spectrum of the finite product of their coordinate rings. Hence G is affine. AC is inherited from [F2] and the geometric suppliers.

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

18 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

Sources