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Positive logarithmic Dirichlet series force boundary nonvanishing

Statement

Let F be holomorphic on Res>1 and suppose that for σ>1,

logF(σ+it)=n2bnnσit

with bn0, the series converging absolutely. Assume moreover that F is meromorphic on a neighbourhood of the closed half-plane Res1, has at most a simple pole at s=1, and has no other pole there. Then F has no zero on Res=1.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A function F with the stated properties.

[L1]

A Dirichlet series with nonnegative coefficients and finite abscissa of convergence is singular at its abscissa of convergence (Landau's theorem for Dirichlet series with nonnegative coefficients).

Proof

technique · contradiction
1.1

Suppose first that F(1+it0)=0 for some real t00. For σ>1, absolute convergence gives logF(σ+iu)=n2bnnσcos(ulogn), so log ⁣(F(σ)3F(σ+it0)4F(σ+2it0))=n2bnnσ(3+4cosθn+cos(2θn)) with θn=t0logn. Since 3+4cosθ+cos(2θ)=2(1+cosθ)20, the product on the left is at least 1.

givenassume-contraalgebra
2.1

Because F is meromorphic with at most a simple pole at 1, the factor F(σ) grows like O((σ1)1) as σ1, while F(σ+2it0) stays bounded and the zero at 1+it0 forces F(σ+it0)=O(σ1). Therefore the product from step 1.1 is O(σ1)0, contradicting the lower bound 1. The Landau statement [L1] concerns singularity of the logarithmic series at its own abscissa, so it does not by itself exclude a zero of F at 1. Instead, if F(1)=0, then F is holomorphic at 1 and F(σ)0 as σ1, whereas the assumed logarithmic identity at t=0 gives logF(σ)=n2bnnσ0 and hence F(σ)1 for every σ>1. This is another contradiction. Thus no zero occurs on the line Res=1.

step 1.1L1givendischarge-contradiction

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Sources