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A separated simple Floquet multiplier has a left/right-conditioned finite enclosure
Statement
Let have an algebraically simple eigenvalue , with right vector normalized by and compatible left vector normalized by . Put , , , and . The restriction is well-defined. Let be a disk such that every makes invertible and If , , and , then every eigenvalue of in satisfies
When is a monodromy matrix, this bounds its Floquet multipliers lying in ; may be a numerical reference matrix. The formula is a finite nonnormal perturbation enclosure under the stated complementary-resolvent separation hypothesis; it supplies no enclosure for a cluster lacking that separation.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A simple eigenvalue, compatible normalized left/right vectors, an isolating disk for the complementary restriction, and a perturbation norm bound.
A simple eigenvalue admits compatible left and right eigenvectors whose pairing is nonzero and can be normalized to one (For a simple eigenvalue, left and right eigenvectors pair nontrivially and may be normalized by , Compatible left and right eigenvectors for a simple eigenvalue).
The subspace is invariant under , and has no eigenvalue on because the full eigenvalue is simple (Eigenvalues, eigenvectors, eigenspaces , and the spectrum of an endomorphism, Jordan form over the base field exists exactly when the characteristic polynomial splits).
For any differentiable simple-eigenpair branch along with compatible normalized eigenvectors equal to at , the eigenvalue derivative there is (Along a differentiable matrix path, a simple eigenvalue satisfies under the normalization ).
The monodromy matrix and its eigenvalues are the Floquet data of the periodic orbit (Local periodic-orbit, Poincare-return, and Floquet data); a validated matrix enclosure is part of the shooting jet (Certified residual, Jacobian, trajectory, and monodromy enclosures for periodic shooting).
Proof
Since , is invariant; since and , every vector splits uniquely as with . The restriction has no eigenvalue by algebraic simplicity. Also is the projection onto . For , its range is nonzero and acts as the identity there, so .
Let be an eigenvalue of with eigenvector , . If , projection onto gives . Thus , while , forcing , contrary to . Hence ; rescale the eigenvector so .
Projecting onto gives . Therefore and .
Applying to the same eigen-equation gives . The first term, which [F3] identifies as the derivative along any differentiable normalized simple-eigenpair branch through , has modulus at most , while the second is at most . Substituting step 3.1 gives the stronger denominator . Since , and both are positive, so replacing by the smaller denominator yields the stated bound. If is monodromy, [F5] identifies as one of its Floquet multipliers. No monodromy property of alone is needed or sufficient for that interpretation.
Depends on
- Local periodic-orbit, Poincare-return, and Floquet data
- Certified residual, Jacobian, trajectory, and monodromy enclosures for periodic shooting
- Along a differentiable matrix path, a simple eigenvalue satisfies $\lambda'=y^*A'x$ under the normalization $y^*x=1$
- For a simple eigenvalue, left and right eigenvectors pair nontrivially and may be normalized by $y^*x=1$
- Compatible left and right eigenvectors for a simple eigenvalue
- Eigenvalues, eigenvectors, eigenspaces $E_\lambda(T)=\ker(T-\lambda I)$, and the spectrum $\sigma_F(T)$ of an endomorphism
- Jordan form over the base field exists exactly when the characteristic polynomial splits
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Sources
- Y. A. Kuznetsov, Elements of Applied Bifurcation Theory, 2nd ed., Chapter 1, §1.5 (standard reference, not scraped)
- S. M. Rump, Verification methods: Rigorous results using floating-point arithmetic, Acta Numerica 19 (2010) (standard reference, not scraped)